AIM To describe emergency ambulance crews' views about (1) how they make decisions on whether to convey patients to hospital; (2) an intervention enabling them to triage patients to non-conveyance; and (3) their experience of using new protocols for undertaking such triage. METHODS Two focus groups were held at the outset of an evaluation of Treat and Refer (T&R) protocols: one with staff bas...

In recent years, high-speed vessels such as passenger ships, fishing boats, and pleasure have been operated in various applications. Japan, the method of towing test, characteristics hydrodynamic forces acting on hull, kinetic during running waves studied many occasions particularly for planing semi-planing vessels. However, foreign countries, rectangular-shaped that a large flap at fore part E...

Planning Waste Management involves the two major resources collection-vehicles and crews. The overall goal of our on-going project with two waste management companies is an integrative approach for planning the routes and the crews of the vehicles. Here we focus on the route generation as modeled in the first two phases of our three-phase optimization approach. We introduce relevant practical r...

The present research examines operational performance and verbal communication in airline flight crews under reduced crew operations (RCO). Eighteen two-pilot crews flew six scenarios under three conditions; one condition involved current-day operations while two involved RCO. In RCO flights, the Captain initially operated the simulated aircraft alone but could request remote crewmember support...

This paper reports a study in which the usage of emergency operating procedures (EOP) in a simulated accident scenario in a nuclear power plant was carefully analysed. The background assumption was that in an accident situation, even within the closely defined envelope of the EOPs, crews may act differently. The empirical findings demonstrate the variance in the operating performance of twelve ...

OBJECTIVE This paper reviews secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and diseases and symptoms of the upper airway, including the sinuses. Risks to flight attendants, who were occupationally exposed until smoking was banned on all flights, are emphasised. DATA SOURCES A systematic database search was conducted; the US Surgeon General's reports and other major reviews were evaluated. Literature summar...