in this paper, nonlinear vibration and instability response of an embedded pipe conveying viscose fluid is investigated. the pipe is considered as a timoshenko beam embedded on an elastic foundation which is simulated by spring constant of the winkler-model and the shear constant of the pasternak-model. the external flow force, acting on the beam in the direction of the flexural displacement is...

The anechoic assumption has long been used for the modeling of long exit pipes or ducts of acoustic elements [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Especially in compressor discharge line modeling, the exhaust pipe from the compressor manifold leading all the way to the condenser is usually assumed to be anechoic since it is very long. Also, experimental efforts have been made by investigators using different ...

Background In contrast to cigarette smoking, the association between water pipe smoking and airway hyperresponsiveness remains widely unexplored. Methods A bronchoprovocation challenge with mannitol was performed in young adults recruited at the University of Basel, Switzerland. Subjects were categorized as acute water pipe smokers (single episode of water pipe smoking, no or <0.5 pack-years ...

In the present contribution optimization and simulation methods are investigated in order to attain optimal scaling of labial organ pipes. The goal is to determine the optimal dimensions of the pipe, by which a desired steady state sound spectrum can be achieved. By modifying the geometry of the pipe body, the eigenfrequencies of the acoustic resonator can be tuned in order to amplify or repres...

BACKGROUND The Federal excise tax was increased for tobacco products on April 1, 2009. While excise tax rates prior to the increase were the same for roll-your-own (RYO) and pipe tobacco, the tax on pipe tobacco was $21.95 per pound less than the tax on RYO tobacco after the increase. Subsequently, tobacco manufacturers began labeling loose tobacco as pipe tobacco and marketing these products t...

In the present study, an unlooped pulating heat pipe has been considered with two liquid slugs and three neighboirng vapor plugs.The governing equations such as momentum, energy and mass equations are solved explicitly except the energy equation of liquid slugs.The aim of the present study is to calculate the entropy generation through the performance of a pulsating heat pipe. Additionally, the...

Cracks in concrete generally interconnect flow paths and increase concrete permeability. The increase in concrete permeability due to the progression of cracks allows more water or aggressive chemical ions to penetrate into the concrete, facilitating deterioration. The present work studies the relationship between crack characteristics and concrete permeability. In this study, feedback controll...

What strategy profiles can be played when it is common knowledge that weakly dominated strategies are not played? A comparison to the case of strongly dominated strategy is in order. A common informal argument shows that if it is common knowledge that players do not play strongly dominated strategies then players can play only profiles that survive the iterative elimination of strongly dominate...