Light insufficient stress caused by canopy interception and mutual shading is a major factor limiting plant growth and development in intensive crop cultivation. Supplemental lighting can be used to give light to the lower canopy leaves and is considered to be an effective method to cope with low irradiation stress. Leaf photosynthesis, stomatal regulation, and plant growth and development of y...

Given a semianalytic set S in Cn and a point p ∈ S, there is a unique smallest complex-analytic germ Xp which contains Sp, called the holomorphic closure of Sp. We show that if S is semialgebraic then Xp is a Nash germ, for every p, and S admits a semialgebraic filtration by the holomorphic closure dimension. As a consequence, every semialgebraic subset of a complex vector space admits a semial...

Today’s agriculture is not only confronted with the production of food and animal food, but also with aspects of environmental protection. In today’s crop production, there is an increasing pressure to reduce the use of pesticides, to decrease the environmental impact and to lower potential production costs. It is therefore imperative that pesticides are only applied when and where needed. Dise...

Recent experimental characterization of the subshell closure at N=32 in the Ca, Ti, and Cr isotones has stimulated shell-model calculations that indicated the possibility that the N=34 isotones of these same elements could exhibit characteristics of a shell closure, namely, a high energy for the first excited 2(+) level. To that end, we have studied the decay of 56Sc produced in fragmentation r...

We introduce fuzzy closure systems and fuzzy closure operators as extensions of closure systems and closure operators. We study relationships between fuzzy closure systems and fuzzy closure spaces. In particular, two families F (S) and F (C) of fuzzy closure systems and fuzzy closure operators on X are complete lattice isomorphic.

Decades of ecological study have demonstrated the importance of top-down and bottom-up controls on food webs, yet few studies within this context have quantified the magnitude of energy and material fluxes at the whole-ecosystem scale. We examined top-down and bottom-up effects on food web fluxes using a field experiment that manipulated the presence of a consumer, the Trinidadian guppy Poecili...

tragacanth gum is one of the most important medicinal and industrial productsof rangelands and is obtained from the incision of gum tragacanth-producing astragalusincluding astragalus keyserlingii. the conservation of astragalus species in rangelandshas a special place in terms of economic profit and soil conservation. the increase in priceof gum tragacanth in recent years and more attention of...

Calorie restriction (CR) induces a metabolic shift towards mitochondrial respiration; however, molecular mechanisms underlying CR remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that CR-induced mitochondrial activity is associated with nitric oxide (NO) production. To understand the role of mitochondria in CR, we identify and study Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with increased NO levels as potential C...

The Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) has developed a suite of land-cover sensitive algorithms to extract snow water equivalent (SWE) estimates from satellite passive microwave brightness temperatures. In the boreal forest, however, accurate passive microwave SWE retrievals using the MSC coniferous forest algorithm are hampered by consistent under-estimation. In February 2003, a collection...

The relationship between canopy structure and light transmission to the forest floor is of particular interest for studying the effects of succession, timber harvest, and silviculture prescriptions on understory plants and trees. Indirect measurements of leaf area index (LAI) estimated using gap fraction analysis with linear and hemispheric sensors have been commonly used to assess radiation in...