The current distribution of most species results from ecological niche, past distribution, and migrations during glacial–interglacial periods in situ evolution. Here, we disentangle the colonization history Saxifraga longifolia Lapeyr., a limestone plant abundant Pyrenees rare other Iberian mountains African Atlas. Our working hypothesis is that shrinkage more extensive previous cold periods. W...

Locusta migratoria is a classic hemimetamorphosis insect and has caused widespread economic damage to crops as a migratory pest. Researches on the expression pattern of functional genes in L. migratoria have drawn focus in recent years, especially with the release of genome information. Real-time quantitative PCR is the most reproducible and sensitive approach for detecting transcript expressio...

While translational read-through of stop codons by suppressor tRNAs is common in many bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, this phenomenon has not yet been observed in the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Based on a previous report that C. crescentus and Escherichia coli tRNA(His) have distinctive identity elements, we constructed E. coli tRNA(His) CUA, a UAG suppressor tRNA for C. cresce...

Revwattsia fragilis (Watts) D.L. Jones (Dryopteridaceae), originally described as a Polystichum Roth by the pioneer Australian botanist Reverend W.W. Watts in 1914, is a rare epiphytic fern endemic to northeastern Queensland, Australia. Known from only a few populations, it is restricted to tropical rainforests in the Atherton Tablelands. We used the cpDNA markers psbA-trnH, rbcL, rbcL-accD, rp...

Phylogeography in combination with ecological niche modeling (ENM) is a robust tool to analyze hypotheses on range shifts under changing climates particularly of taxa and areas with scant fossil records. We combined phylogeographic analysis and ENM techniques to study the effects of alternate cold and warm (i.e., glacial and interglacial) periods on the subtropical montane cold-tolerant conifer...

A genus-wide molecular phylogeny for Polystichum and allied genera (Dryopteridaceae) was reconstructed to address the biogeographic origin and evolution of the three Hawaiian Polystichum species, all endemic there. The analysis was based on the cpDNA sequences rbcL and the trnL-F spacer from a taxonomically and geographically diverse sample. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the c...

Overall phylogenetic relationships within the genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) were inferred based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial(mt)-encoded nad1 b/c exons and from chloroplast(cp)-encoded trnL (UAA) 5' exon-trnF (GAA) exon regions using two species of Geranium and Sarcocaulon vanderetiae as outgroups. The group II intron between nad1 exons b and c was found to be absent from the Pelargoni...

Linaria Mill. (Plantaginaceae) with about 160 spp. is the largest genus of the tribe Antirrhineae. We conducted phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (rpl32-trnL) sequence data to test the monophyly of currently recognized sections in Linaria. For this purpose 86 species representing seven sections of Linaria and one species ...

We show that the amber termination codon UAG can initiate protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. We mutated the initiation codon AUG of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene to UAG (CATam1) and translated mRNA derived from the mutant CAT gene in E. coli S-30 extracts. A full-length CAT polypeptide was synthesized in the presence of tRNA(fMetCUA), a mutant E. coli initiator tRNA which...