air pollution is an example of a negative externality; it imposes harmful effects and costs on people other than polluters. in controlling air pollution, efficiency argument implies that, there is a rolefor the government to play. studies show that taxation of fuels can be a powerful indirect instrumentfor controlling air polluticn because of the association between fuels use and emissions. in ...

These days, limited energy resources, and also the cost of investment in new and renewable energy is very costly and uneconomical. In the industrial sector, especially energy-intensive industries such as steel, finding appropriate solutions to update the technology, production and reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. The main aim of this study is the identification an...

These days, limited energy resources, and also the cost of investment in new and renewable energy is very costly and uneconomical. In the industrial sector, especially energy-intensive industries such as steel, finding appropriate solutions to update the technology, production and reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. The main aim of this study is the identification an...

The Nigerian Universities rely on weak and unreliable fossil-based electric grids with diesel engine generators (DEG) as a backup. However, there is potential to light up the campuses using power systems derived from primary renewable (RPS) like wind turbine (WT) solar photovoltaic (PV), that can be or off-grid improve energy mix duration reliably. This study presents comparative analysis of op...

The Energy Storage System (ESS) is an expensive component of an E-bike. The idea of Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), a combination between battery and Ultra-Capacitor (UC), can moderate the cost of E-bike ESS. In this paper, a cost function is developed to use for optimal sizing of a HESS. This cost function is consisted of the HESS (battery, UC and DC/DC converter) cost and the cost of bat...

Optimal sizing of hybrid energy systems has been considerably investigated in previous studies. Nevertheless, most studies only focused on providing AC electric loads by renewable sources (RESs) and storage (ESSs). In this paper, a system, including photovoltaic (PV) ESS, fuel cell (FC), natural gas (NG) boiler, thermal load controller (TLC), converter is optimized for supplying different deman...

The one-dimensional Schrodinger equation and two of its generalizations are considered, as they arise in quantum mechanics, wave propagation in a nonhomogeneous medium, and wave propagation in a nonconservative medium where energy may be absorbed or generated. Generically, the zero-energy transmission coe cient vanishes when the potential is nontrivial, but in the exceptional case this coe cie...