The deep imaging of the field of an observed lensing event by a cosmic string reveals many additional lensing events. We study the statistics of such string lensing. We derive explicit expressions for the distributions of image separations of lensing by a cosmic string and point out that they are quite sensitive to parameters which characterize the cosmic string, such as the redshift and tensio...

We address some current theoretical issues around ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We recall that scenarios producing more γ−rays than cosmic rays up to high redshift can in general only provide a sub-dominant contribution to the ultra-high energy cosmic ray flux. This includes extra-galactic top-down and the Z-burst scenarios. Finally we discuss the influence of large scale cosmic magnetic field...

Study of cosmic ray became a subject of study with the invention of neutron monitor by Simpson. But recording of cosmic ray counts was started regularly from International Geophysical Year at different locations having different climatic zones over the globe. Here statistical analysis is performed to investigate the degree of response of different monitors towards cosmic ray counts. No signific...

Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic) is a publicly available resource providing information on somatic mutations implicated in human cancer. Release v51 (January 2011) includes data from just over 19,000 genes, 161,787 coding mutations and 5573 gene fusions, described in more than 577,000 tumour samples. COSMICMart (COSMIC BioMart) provides a flexib...

The Hubble Space Telescope Treasury Program images collected as part of the Cosmic Evolution Survey were used to develop a new technique for identifying gravitational lensing events resulting from a less-massive cosmic string. By employing Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic strings embedded within the survey, galaxies were decomposed using Hermite Polynomial shapelets, and compared with the unal...

Nature writ large is a mess. Yet, underlying unities pervade the long and storied, albeit meandering, path from the early Universe to civilization on Earth. Evolution is one of those unifiers, incorporating physical, biological, and cultural changes within a broad and inclusive cosmic-evolutionary scenario. Complexity is another such unifier, delineating the growth of structure, function, and d...

I discuss two hypotheses that might explain LMC microlensing: the Halo stellar remnant lensing hypothesis and the unvirialized LMC lensing hypothesis. I show that white dwarfs cannot contribute substantially to the cosmic baryon budget; they are strongly constrained by chemical evolution and background light measurements. Although there have been some claims of direct optical detections of whit...

The hypothesis of quantum nonequilibrium at the big bang is shown to have observable consequences. For a scalar field on expanding space, we show that relaxation to quantum equilibrium (in de Broglie-Bohm theory) is suppressed for field modes whose quantum time evolution satisfies a certain inequality, resulting in a ‘freezing’ of early quantum nonequilibrium for these particular modes. For an ...

In this paper, we use the observations of Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect and Xray surface brightness to reconstruct the radial profiles of gas temperature and density under the assumption of spherically symmetric distribution of gas. The reconstruction method, firstly raised by Silk & White (1978), is directly dependent on the experimental measurements of Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect and X-ray surface ...

For arbitrary static space-times, it is shown that an equilibrium between a Killing horizon and matter is only possible for some discrete values of the parameter w = p1/ρ , where ρ is the density and p1 is pressure in the direction normal to the horizon. In the generic situation of a simple (non-extremal) horizon and the slowest possible density decrease near the horizon, this corresponds to w ...