1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a synthetic chemical. In 2003, the estimated capacity of the commercial production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in the United States was 510 million pounds. Under the Clean Air Act as amended in 1990, all production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane for domestic use was scheduled to cease as of January 1, 2002. It may be used for essential applications such as medical devices and av...

Nowadays titanium alloys are extensively used for aerospace and biomedical applications. However, despite good mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance they possess poor wear resistance and a tendency to galling and seizure. In this study the tribological properties of experimental Ti-Si-Zr based alloys were studied using a standard ball-on-disc wear testing system. The wear and...

One of the most recent trends in skin irritation safety testing of personal care and cosmetic products, discussed in detail in this review, is the use of reconstructed human epidermis models. Some of the commercially-available models have undergone a series of validation trials, which successfully advanced them as valuable tools for industry use. On a broader perspective, the 3D models are now ...

In this article is described a knowledge-based system or expert system for failures identification in onshore pipelines. This expert system is called Failure Analysis Expert System (FAES). The FAES development has been split in two parts. In the present part I, the database structure and knowledge acquisition process are described, while in second part, the End-User interface and learning algor...

The daily traffic on bridges, the moisture of the atmosphere and the tiredness of materials, cause damages even the collapse of these works, if there is not a policy of maintenance and maintenance allowing the detection of possible defects in these structures and the intervention in the convenient period. These degradations can be cracks types (longitudinal or transverse), vacuums, corrosion or...

Magnesium (Mg) alloys are attracting increasing interest as the most suitable metallic materials for construction of biodegradable and bio-absorbable temporary implants. However, Mg-alloys can suffer premature and catastrophic fracture under the synergy of cyclic loading and corrosion (i.e., corrosion fatigue (CF)). Though Mg alloys are reported to be susceptible to CF also in the corrosive hum...

Today, the Draize rabbit eye test, which was introduced over sixty years ago (Draize et al., 1944), still forms the basis of internationally agreed protocols for eye irritation/corrosion testing (European Commission, 2004; OECD, 2002). The success of this test is based on its obvious biological relevance and the fact that multiple aspects of ocular irritation/corrosion, i.e. different target si...

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is one of the most rapidly advancing techniques. This method is capable of non-contact and non-destructive investigation of the inner structure of a broad range of materials. Compared with other methods which belong to the NDE/NDT group (Non-Destructive Evaluation/Non-Destructive Testing methods), OCT is capable of a broad range of scattering material structur...

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has been applied to AA5754-H111 alloy. An in-depth analysis of the influence of the process parameters has been performed using Taguchi method. Through the optimization of the process parameters it has been observed what the best process conditions for the different mechanical properties. It was observed that for tensile properties the best that lower advancing speed...

The corrosion of steel reinforcement in an aging highway infrastructure is a major problem currently facing the transportation engineering community, in particular bridge engineers. In the United States, maintenance and replacement costs are measured in billions of dollars. Further, the use of deicing salts has resulted in steady deterioration of bridge decks due to corrosion. These concerns ha...