Extensive scalp defect with exposed bone is best reconstructed with flaps. Majority of these wounds are now routinely reconstructed with free flaps in many centers. Free flaps however require lengthy operative time and may not be available to all patients, where possible less extensive options should thus be encouraged. A sixty-eight-year-old patient presented to us with a Marjolin's ulcer on t...

BACKGROUND AND METHODS Reconstruction with a vascularised flap provides the most reliable outcome, with post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak rates of less than 5 per cent. This article aims to review and summarise the critical technical aspects of the vascularised flaps most commonly used for skull base reconstruction. RESULTS Vascularised flaps are classified as intranasal or extranasal. ...

We present a methodology for the computation of flow fields involving complex perforated surfaces in propulsion applications. Of particular interest is the treatment of perforated flaps used as wedge-shaped fan flow deflectors for reducing jet noise of a supersonic turbofan engine. A three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solver is used to compute the flow field of the external jet p...

Post-traumatic urethral damage resulting in urethrovaginal fistulas or strictures, though rare, should be suspected in patients who have unexpected urinary incontinence or lower urinary tract symptoms after pelvic surgery, pelvic fracture, a long-term indwelling urethral catheter, or pelvic radiation. Careful physical examination and cystourethroscopy are critical to diagnose and assess the ext...

BACKGROUND Posttraumatic, high-energy defects of the midface can be challenging to reconstruct because they involve extensive composite tissue loss and result in significant permanent functional and cosmetic deformity. These injuries require replacement of the bony framework, external soft tissue, and intraoral mucosa. Local skin flaps and nonvascularized bone grafts have been used for reconstr...

A popular strategy in the treatment of articular cartilage lesions involves the introduction of cell suspensions into the defect void and its closure with a periosteal flap (autologous chondrocyte transplantation technique). We applied this methodology in goats and discovered that all sutured flaps (n = 6 animals) became detached from nonimmobilized joints during the recovery period. The purpos...

PURPOSE This article reviews a few of the commonly used types of vascularized osseous free flaps in maxillofacial reconstruction, which still represents the gold standard of restoration. We also discuss the developing concepts in maxillofacial reconstruction. RECENT FINDINGS Most of the literature reconfirms the established patterns of reconstruction with the aid of vascularized osseous free ...

This article reports our experiences treating soft tissue and bone defects in the lower extremity with free flaps. One of the most common causes for lower extremity wounds are high-energy injuries. These kinds of injuries contain soft tissue and bone defects beyond neurovascular complications. The rate of infection and nonunion is very high in these injuries. Between 1988 and 1996, we applied 3...