During mating events, numerous mammals and birds produce loud and acoustically distinct vocalisations, usually referred to as ‘copulation calls’. In some species, males are the main producers (e.g. little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus, Barclay & Thomas 1979), but generally they are given by females, sometimes accompanied by their male partner (e.g. elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris, Cox & ...

In vivo microdialysis was used to monitor extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA), and its metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum of sexually active female rats during tests of locomotor activity, exposure to a novel chamber, exposure to sex odors, the presentation of a sexually active male rat, and copulatio...

Behavioral persistence is a major factor in determining when and under which circumstances animals will terminate their current activity and transition into more profitable, appropriate, or urgent behavior. We show that, for the first 5 min of copulation in Drosophila, stressful stimuli do not interrupt mating, whereas 10 min later, even minor perturbations are sufficient to terminate copulatio...

Personal Information Management (PIM) is an important discipline that evolves with the technology advancements in their operating systems. The understanding of its four main activities in PIM: organizing, retrieving, deleting and archiving are crucial because the information growth in our desktop increased overtime. The paper presents the study conducted to enhance understanding of one of the c...

The Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus) population collapsed to the state of commercial extinction in the late 1960s; the stock remained at extremely low levels for over two decades, but has recovered fully since the 1980s. It is known that the collapse coincided with strong changes in maturation characteristics. However, the long-term patterns of maturation in this stock have r...

The mesocorticolimbic dopamine tract is considered to be a substrate for motivation and reward as well as for locomotor behavior. The present experiments assessed the role of dopamine cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the source of this tract, in the copulatory behavior of male rats. The dopamine agonist apomorphine or the dopamine antagonist cis-flupenthixol were microinjected i...