In a vendor-managed inventory (VMI) system, manufacturing vendor manages their retailer inventories. Studies on VMI-type supply chains mostly have not considered competition between retailers. There are few works the price competition; however, to best of authors’ knowledge, none papers formulated service strategy. The level is one competitive factors among competing Sometimes retailers choose ...

In the ICT sector, product-software is an important factor for the quality of the products (e.g. cell phones). In this context, open source software enables firms to avoid quality competition as they can cooperate on quality without an explicit contract. The economics of open source (OS) versus closed source (CS) business models are analyzed in a general two-stage model that combines aspects of...