Model-derived equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) of former tropical glaciers support arguments, based on other paleoclimate data, for both the magnitude and spatial pattern of terrestrial cooling in the tropics at the last glacial maximum (LGM). Relative to the present, LGM ELAs were maintained by air temperatures that were 3.5 degrees to 6.6 degrees C lower and precipitation that ranged from 63...

Simultaneous near-certain preparation of qubits (quantum bits) in their ground states is a key hurdle in quantum computing proposals as varied as liquid-state NMR and ion traps. "Closed-system" cooling mechanisms are of limited applicability due to the need for a continual supply of ancillas for fault tolerance, and to the high initial temperatures of some systems. "Open-system" mechanisms are ...

In West Africa and Nigeria in particular, many virgin plants are still waiting to be evaluated for their medicinal importance. Claims of plants with folk medicinal applications need to be evaluated and verified. Gomphrena celosioides (family – Amaranthaceae) is a weed grown in lawns and the biological activity of the extract had earlier been established. In the present study, the plant was coll...

Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) is an important technique for dimension reduction which has been successfully applied to many fields. However the usual Expectation-Maximization (EM) approach to GTM can easily get stuck in local minima and so we introduce a Deterministic Annealing (DA) approach to GTM which is more robust and less sensitive to initial conditions so we do not need to use man...

The need for more energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly alternatives in the refrigeration industry to meet global emission targets has driven efforts towards materials with a potential for solid state cooling. Adiabatic depolarisation cooling, based on the electrocaloric effect (ECE), is a significant contender for efficient new solid state refrigeration techniques. Some of the highest ...

This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature that deal with ventilation and cooling technologies applied to agricultural greenhouses. The representative application of each technology as well as its advantages and limitations are discussed. Advance systems employing heat storage in phase change materials, earth-to-air heat exchangers and aquifer-coupled cavity flow heat exchan...

This article proposes a multi-disciplinary and systemic approach to sustainable consumption that combines environmental considerations of energy usage from a life-cycle perspective with a social understanding of consumption grounded in economic anthropology. The goal is to understand both consumption patterns and drivers, with a focus on household energy consumption used for cooling in Metro Ma...

Data centers are seeking more efficient cooling techniques to reduce their operating expenses, because cooling can account for 30-40% of the power consumption of a data center. Recently, liquid cooling has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional air cooling, because it can help eliminate undesired air recirculation. Another emerging technology is free air cooling, which saves chiller ...

one of the most important methods of transporting natural gas in iran and other parts of the world is the utilization of a network of pipelines. compression station and turbo compressor units play an important role in gas supply through pipelines. one of the primary concerns in these units is the reduction of fuel consumption. by cooling of exhaust gas from the source station, the pressure drop...

Due to the tremendous cooling costs, data center cooling efficiency improvement has been actively pursued for years. In addition to cooling efficiency, the reliability of the cooling system is also essential for guaranteed uptime. In traditional data center cooling system design with N+1 or higher redundancy, all the computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units are either constantly online or cy...