نتایج جستجو برای: convergent wall
تعداد نتایج: 191885 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Microtubule-based motor proteins assemble and reorganize acentrosomal mitotic and meiotic spindles in animal cells. The functions of motor proteins in acentrosomal plant spindles are unknown. The cellulosic cell wall and relative small size of most plant cells precludes accurate detection of the spatial distribution of motors in mitosis. Large cell size and absence of a cellulosic cell wall in ...
Nature's fastest motors are the cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). These sensory cells use a membrane protein, Slc26a5 (prestin), to generate mechanical force at high frequencies, which is essential for explaining the exquisite hearing sensitivity of mammalian ears. Previous studies suggest that Slc26a5 continuously diffuses within the membrane, but how can a freely moving motor protein effectiv...
Stephen Jay Gould argued that replaying the 'tape of life' would result in radically different evolutionary outcomes. Recently, biologists and philosophers of science have paid increasing attention to the theoretical importance of convergent evolution-the independent origination of similar biological forms and functions-which many interpret as evidence against Gould's thesis. In this paper, we ...
The role of convergent evolution in biological adaptation is increasingly appreciated. Many clear examples have been described at the level of individual proteins and for organismal morphology, and convergent mechanisms have even been invoked to account for similar community structures that are shared between ecosystems. At the cellular level, an important area that has received scant attention...
The concepts of convergent evolution and community convergence highlight how selective pressures can shape unrelated organisms or communities in similar ways. We propose a related concept, convergent interactions, to describe the independent evolution of multispecies interactions with similar physiological or ecological functions. A focus on convergent interactions clarifies how natural selecti...
During a survey of Prunus wood from South Africa, isolations were made of three presumably Calosphaerialean fungi that formed hyphomycetous, phialidic anamorphs in culture. In order to reveal the phylogenetic relationship of these fungi, they were characterised on a morphological and molecular (LSU and ITS rDNA) basis. Two isolates that formed a teleomorph in culture are newly described as Calo...
The flow and heat transfer inside a non-isothermal and incompressible thin film having its upper plate slightly inclined from the horizontal and undergoing an oscillatory squeezing motion is investigated in this work. Two models are analyzed: low and large Reynolds number flow models. The corresponding governing equations for each model are properly non-dimensionalized and solved numerically. T...
In all manufacturing processes there are tolerances; however, orthodontic bracket manufacturers seldom state the slot dimensional tolerances. This experiment develops a novel method of analyzing slot profile dimensions using photographs of the slot. Five points are selected along each wall, and lines are fitted to define a trapezoidal slot shape. This investigation measures slot height at the s...
Many in vitro studies focus on effects of wall shear stress (WSS) and wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) on endothelial cells, which are linked to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in the arterial system. Limitation in available flow chambers with a constant WSSG in the testing region makes it difficult to quantify cellular responses to WSSG. The current study proposes and charac...
This study analyzes the unsteady Rivlin-Ericksen fluid and irreversibility of exponentially temperature dependent variable viscosity of hydromagnetic two-step exothermic chemical reactive flow along the channel axis with walls convective cooling. The non-Newtonian Hele-Shaw flow of Rivlin-Erickson fluid is driven by bimolecular chemical kinetic and unvarying pressure gradient. The reactive flui...
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