introduction: in the present study, the effects of oral morphine consumption in pregnant female rats on the amygdaloid complex development in the embryos were investigated. methods: female wistar rats weighing 250-300 g (n=15) were divided into control (n = 8) and experimental groups (n = 7). the experimental group received morphine (0.05 mg/ml) in their tap water. on the 19th day of pregnancy,...

background: heroin as opium is being used in two pure and impure forms with known disastrous effects on different body organs including genital system. the aim of this study was to determine the changes in testosterone secretion, the percentage of fertility, changes of the body and testis weight, and gonado somatic index in mice (ballb/c). materials and methods: a total of 90 adult male and fem...

background: in recent years, concerns have been raised about human reproductive disorders. caffeine consumption is increasing by the world’s population and there is a relationship between caffeine intake and adverse reproductive outcomes. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on implantation sites, number of live births, birth weight, crown-rump length (crl) and abnormal...

The paper discusses the application of fuzzy logic and fuzzy inference systems (FIS) as an effective tool for alerting decision makers of impending economic crises. Following a promising literature-based approach, we build an experimental system model for validation on credit growth and housing market historical data. The system is subsequently applied using the two key economic indicators for ...

The aberration introduced by the primary optical element of a lightweight large aperture telescope can be corrected with a diffractive optical element called the liquid crystal spatial light modulator. Such aberration is usually very large, which makes the design and modeling of such a system difficult. A method to analyze the system is introduced, and the performance limitation of the system i...

conclusions administration of two different doses of intravenous ondansetron, 6 mg and 12 mg, significantly attenuates spinal induced hypotension, bradycardia and shivering compared to the control saline group. however, the hemodynamic profiles and shivering in experimental groups were not statistically different. results demographic data were not statistically different among groups. hr was st...

objective: the present research was conducted to study the effect of play therapy on reducing behavioral problems of children with oppositional defiant disorder. method: using multistage cluster sampling, regions 6, 7, and 8 in tehran were selected. among kindergartens of these areas, 3 kindergartens which were supported by the welfare organization were randomly selected. of all the pre-school ...

brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), which is structurally similar to nerve growth factor is produced in the hippocampus and is one of the factors that is reduced by age due to lack of activity. reduced bdnf has effects on memory, learning and cognition, behavioral disorders, food intake and energy metabolism that can be compensated with exercise and the incidence of alzheimer can be preve...

background selenium deficiency is a common problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd). this micronutrient has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. selenium is also found in high concentrations in the thyroid gland. objectives to determine the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid function tests and acute phase reactants in hemodialysis patients. patients and methods in...

The power output from wave energy converters (WECs) may be increased by controlling the oscillation in order to approach an optimum interaction between the WEC and the incident wave. Optimally controlled WECs, designed to operate at full capacity a rather large fraction of their lifetime, may improve the economic prospects for wave power significantly. Most of the WECs discussed here, utilise j...