PURPOSE To estimate the number of venous thromboembolic events and related-premature mortality (including immediate in-hospital lethality) attributable to the use of combined oral contraceptives in women aged 15 to 49 years-old between 2000 and 2011 in France. METHODS French data on sales of combined oral contraceptives and on contraception behaviours from two national surveys conducted in 20...

Introduction: Contraception is a procedure that can be used to avoid pregnancy or childbirth. When women choose prevent have longer birth, they frequently use contraceptives. The global prevalence rate of contraceptive was 64 percent, with Africa responsible for 33 percent. Ethiopia has an estimated 39.2 percent its population engaging in this activity. Objectives: This study aimed identify the...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence and prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in UK primary care and investigate prescribing patterns before and after a PCOS diagnosis. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING UK primary care (2004-2014). PARTICIPANTS Women aged 15-45 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence and prevalence of diagnosed PCOS and probable PCO...

introduction: the pilgrimage to ka’beh (god’s house in mecca) is a special opportunity in the life of most muslims. female pilgrims try to postpone menstruation during the pilgrimage by taking hormonal medicines. however, women are seen in this disorder. this paper aimed to determine the frequency of menstrual disorders and related factors among female pilgrims of umrah mufradah in 2012.methods...

BACKGROUND The association between hormonal contraception and cervical cancer is controversial. These controversies may hamper the uptake of hormonal contraceptives. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a case-control study in which Pap-smear results of 156 participants on hormonal contraceptives were c...

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that both the estrogen dose and progestogen type of oral contraceptives contribute to the increased risk of thrombosis in oral contraceptive users. Thrombin generation-based activated protein C (APC) sensitivity is a global test for the net prothrombotic effect of oral contraceptives and predicts the thrombotic risk. Our objective was to test the us...

Objective To estimate the potential impact of using hormonal contraceptives on rates of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and on pregnancy rates by theoretically removing the use of hormonal contraceptives from a study population. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in 3704 HIVnegative women who were enrolled in two biomedical trials that tested two vaginal...