فرض کنیمrحلقه ای جابجایی باشد. گراف ایدآل های پوچ کننده ی یکدیگر برای حلق? rرا با نماد(ag(rنمایش داده و بصورت گرافی با مجموعه رئوس*(a(r تعریف میکنیم.دو رأس متمایز در این گراف مجاورند اگر و تنها اگر حاصلضربشان برابر با صفر باشد.بهبودی و راکعی در [ m.behboodi and z.rakeei, the annihilating-ideal graph of commutative ringii, j. algebra apple. 10(4]در مورد گراف ایدآل های پوچ کنند? یکدیگر حدس زدند د...

“any science seeks generalities; the aim is to transcend knowledge of particular cases by discovering general regularities or laws” (chesterman, 2001, p. 1). these were the words of chesterman whose paper has served as a typical example of numerous papers carried out on ‘translation universals’ since the mid-nineties. blum-kulka (1986) is among translation studies scholars who proposed ‘explici...

a professional is someone whose work involves performing a certain function with some degree of expertise. but a narrower definition limits the term to apply to people such as teachers and doctors, whose expertise involves not only skill and knowledge but also the exercise of highly sophisticated judgment, and whose accreditation necessitates extensive study, often university-based as well as p...

learning english is very popular all over the world nowadays and it is considered a high prestigious language among citizens of different societies. one of the most important materials for learning a new language are textbooks. the debate that whether learning a new language is natural and neutral or ideological and influential on people’s worldviews, has always been of great importance.

abstract: in the paper of black and scholes (1973) a closed form solution for the price of a european option is derived . as extension to the black and scholes model with constant volatility, option pricing model with time varying volatility have been suggested within the frame work of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (garch) . these processes can explain a number of em...

due to the limiting workspace of parallel manipulator and regarding to finding the trajectory planning of singularity free at workspace is difficult, so finding a best solution that can develop a technique to determine the singularity-free zones in the workspace of parallel manipulators is highly important. in this thesis a simple and new technique are presented to determine the maximal singula...

in this thesis, a better reaction conditions for the synthesis of spirobarbiturates catalyzed by task-specific ionic liquid (2-hydroxy-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-n,n-dimethylethanaminium formate), calcium hypochlorite ca(ocl)2 or n-bromosuccinimide (nbs) in the presence of water at room temperature by ultrasonic technique is provided. the design and synthesis of spirocycles is a challenging task becaus...