In Central and Southern Italy, where durum wheat represents one of the most widely cultivated crops, grain filling occurs during Spring, a period characterized by sudden increases in temperature. Wheat grain proteins are classified into albumins, globulins, and prolamins. The nonprolamin fractions include proteins with metabolic activity or structural function. In order to investigate the conse...

Abstract: Measles remains one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries and is still a major public health concern in developed countries. Although live attenuated vaccine is used throughout the world, out breaks of disease still occur in many countries including Iran. Understanding measles outbreaks that occur after the initiation of measles eliminati...

it has been more than half a century that plant geneticists and breeders have been trying to assemble a combinationof genes in crop plants, in order to make them as suitable and productive as possible. plant transformation technology incrop plants was first undertakenin the 1980s based on the ability of foreign gene integration into host plant genome andregeneration of transformed plant cells i...

Heat and drought stress have emerged as major constraints for durum wheat production. In the Mediterranean area, their negative effect on crop productivity is expected to be exacerbated by the occurring climate change. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are chief enzymes in cell wall remodeling, whose relevance in cell expansion and morphogenesis suggests a central role in stress...

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a cytoplasmic enzyme with an important function in cell oxidative damage prevention. Erythrocytes have a predisposition towards oxidized environments due to their lack of mitochondria, giving G6PD a major role in its stability. G6PD deficiency (G6PDd) is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans; it affects approximately 400 million individuals worl...

Developing cultivars with improved adaptation to drought and heat stressed environments is a priority for plant breeders. Canopy temperature (CT) is a useful tool for phenotypic selection of tolerant genotypes, as it integrates many physiological responses into a single low-cost measurement. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of CT to predict grain yield within the flow of...

Water scarcity and high temperature stress and their combination are the most important stresses experienced by durum wheat in the ield. The responses induced by drought and heat stress at transcriptional level have been described, but much less is known about plant response to simultaneous drought and heat stress, although this is the most common event in ield conditions. Several data indicate...

Protein elongation factors, EF-Tu and EF-1a, have been implicated in cell response to heat stress. We investigated the expression (accumulation) of EF-Tu and EF-1a in mature plants of spring wheat cultivars Kukri and Excalibur, and tested the hypothesis that cultivars with contrasting tolerance to heat stress differ in the accumulation of these elongation factors under prolonged exposure to hig...

Wind energy offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions while increasing energy independence and bolstering economic development. However, wind energy has a larger land footprint per Gigawatt (GW) than most other forms of energy production, making appropriate siting and mitigation particularly important. Species that require large unfragmented habitats and those known to avoid vertical stru...