The Gromov-hyperbolic δ or “fatness” of a hyperbolic geodesic triangle, defined to be the infimum of the perimeters of all inscribed triangles, is given an explicit analytical expression in term of the angle data of the triangle. By a hyperbolic extension of Fermat’s principle, the optimum inscribed triangle is easily constructed as the orthic triangle, that is, the triangle with its vertices a...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the reliability and validity of measures taken during the Chester step test (CST) used to predict VO(2)max and prescribe subsequent exercise. METHODS The CST was performed twice on separate days by 7 males and 6 females aged 22.4 (SD 4.6) years. Heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and oxygen uptake (VO(2)) were measured at each stage of the CST. RESU...

We introduce CST (cross-document structure theory), a paradigm for multidocument analysis. CST takes into account the rhetorical structure of clusters of related textual documents. We present a taxonomy of cross-document relationships. We argue that CST can be the basis for multidocument summarization guided by user preferences for summary length, information provenance, cross-source agreement,...

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy was produced by partial abdominal aortic constriction (PAAC) for 4 wk, while physiological cardiac hypertrophy was produced by chronic swimming training (CST) for 8 wk in rats. Pentoxifylline (30 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg i.p., day) treatment was started three days before PAAC and CST and it was continued for 4 wk in PAAC and 8 wk in CST experimental model. The left vent...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare life-threatening cerebrovascular disease known to cause carotid artery narrowing (CAN) and arterial ischemic stroke. The imaging features of CST and related complications have been reported in adults, but rarely in children. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of children with imaging confirmed CST from 2003 to 2014, de...

3- O -Sulphogalactosylceramide (sulphatide) is a major lipid component of myelin membranes, and is required for proper myelin formation. Sulphatide is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus by galactosylceramide sulphotransferase (CST; EC 2.8.2.11). Murine and human CSTs contain two putative N-glycosylation sites (Asn-66 and Asn-312). The second site is conserved among all galactose 3-O-sulphotrans...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to demonstrate the contribution of axonal remodeling of the corticospinal tract (CST) in the spinal cord to functional outcome after stroke. METHODS Bilateral pyramidotomy (BPT) or sham-BPT was performed in mice with transgenic yellow fluorescent protein labeling in the CST subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Foot-fault and single pellet reac...

Conditional genetic deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the sensorimotor cortex of neonatal mice enables regeneration of corticospinal tract (CST) axons after spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study addresses three questions: (1) whether PTEN knockdown in adult rats by nongenetic techniques enables CST regeneration, (2) whether interventions to enable CST regeneration enhan...

AIM To determine whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be an independent assessment for identifying the corticospinal tract (CST) projecting from the more-affected motor cortex in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD Twenty children with unilateral spastic CP participated in this study (16 males, four females; mean age 9y 2mo [standard deviation (SD) 3y 2mo], Manu...