purpose: to evaluate changes in tear condition following unilateral ptosis surgery. methods: in this case series all patients with unilateral ptosis who underwent ptosis surgery over a two-year period were studied. the patients did not have history of previous eye surgery or other eye problems. eyelid and lacrimal evaluation included schirmer’s test with and without anesthesia and tear break up...

le chatelier's principle is used as a very simple way to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. . however, several studies have reported the violation of this principle, still there is no reported simple mathematical equation to express the exact condition of violation in the gas phase reactions. in this article, we derived a simple equation for the violati...

This study investigates online sentence formulation as a function of the information structure of an utterance. In an eye-tracking experiment, participants described pictures of transitive events. Information status of the message was manipulated in the discourse preceding each picture. In the Literal condition, the subject character was literally mentioned. In the Associative condition, the su...

In a distributed system, it is often important to detect the causal relationships between events, where event e 1 is causally before event e 2 if e 1 happened before e 2 and could possibly have aaected the occurrence of e 2. In this paper we argue that detecting causal relationships among events can be important for security, in the sense that it may be essential to the correct implementation o...

Consider a model of a financial market with a stock driven by a Lévy process and constant interest rate. A closed formula for prices of perpetual American call options in terms of the overall supremum of the Lévy process, and a corresponding closed formula for perpetual American put options involving the infimum of the after-mentioned process are obtained. As a direct application of the previou...

Risk factors are generally defined and assigned to road networks, as constant measures in hazmat routing problems. In fact, they may be dynamic variables depending on traffic volume, weather and road condition, and drivers' behavior. In this research work, risk factors are defined as dynamic variables using the concept of chaos theory. The largest Lyapunov exponent is utilized to determine the ...