Abstract Particles and fields are standard components in numerical calculations like transport simulations in nuclear physics and have well understood dynamics. Still, a common problem is the interaction between particles and fields due to their different formal description. Particle interactions are discrete, point-like events while field dynamics is described with continuous partial-different...

Particles and fields are standard components in numerical calculations like transport simulations in nuclear physics and have well-understood dynamics. Still, a common problem is the interaction between particles and fields due to their different formal description. Particle interactions are discrete, pointlike events while field dynamics is described with continuous partial-differential equati...

The cooling rate of soot particles after laser induced incandescence (LII) is thought to provide an estimate of the size of nanoparticles (NPs) in the engine exhaust. It is shown that cooling rate is not applicable to NPs, and instead is only a measure of the size of micron-sized particles. The problem is that the conservation of absorbed laser photon energy in NPs is subject to quantum electro...

The conservation law of energy-momentum (or the definition of energy-momentum density) for the gravitational field is one of the most fundamental and controversial problems in general relativity. As a true field, it would be natural to expect that gravity should has its own local energy-momentum density. However, it is usually asserted that such a density can not be locally defined because of t...

Research on the propagation of acoustic waves in the ocean bottom sediment is of interest for active sonar applications such as target detection and remote sensing. The interaction of acoustic energy with the sea floor sublayers is usually modeled with techniques based on the full solution of the wave equation, which sometimes leads to mathematically intractable problems. An alternative way to ...

The correspondence between the thermodynamic energy equation satisfied by a closed comoving volume and conservation energy-momentum tensor of matter inside is extended to more general system with an arbitrary cosmological horizon heat source. consisting internal could be conserved defining surface on horizons. Therefore, can always consistent for such system. On other hand, from perspective cla...

A typical feature of spontaneous collapse models which aim at localizing wavefunctions in space is the violation of the principle of energy conservation. In the models proposed in the literature the stochastic field which is responsible for the localization mechanism causes the momentum to behave like a Brownian motion, whose larger and larger fluctuations show up as a steady increase of the en...