Herceptin, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to human growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), was covalently attached to a fifth-generation (G5) polyamidoamine dendrimer containing the cytotoxic drug methotrexate. The specific binding and internalization of this conjugate labeled with FITC was clearly demonstrated in cell lines overexpressing HER2 by flow cytometry as well as confocal microsc...

Conjugate gradient methods are among the most efficient for solving optimization models. In this paper, a newly proposed conjugate method is problems as convex combination of Harger-Zhan and Dai-Yaun nonlinear methods, which capable producing sufficient descent condition with global convergence properties under strong Wolfe conditions. The numerical results demonstrate efficiency some benchmark...

A novel drug delivery system (DDS) compound was formed by binding doxorubicin hydrochloride (DXR) to the macromolecular carrier carboxymethyldextran polyalcohol (CM-Dex-PA) via the peptidyl spacer (GGFG: Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly). Its use in a murine tumor model confirmed that the DDS (CM-Dex-PA-GGFG-DXR) was retained in the blood and distributed in tumor tissue. The combined use of hyperthermia (HT: 41...

Three kinds of polymeric adriamycin (ADR) conjugates of dextran were synthesized, namely a dextran-Gly-Leu-Gly-ADR (DGLGA) conjugate with a lysosomally degradable tripeptide spacer group, a dextran-Gly-Leu-Gly-ADR-galactosamine (DGLGA-Ga) conjugate with a targeting moiety of galactosamine on DGLGA, and a dextran-C6H10-ADR (DC6A) conjugate with a hexamethylen spacer group. The content of the ADR...

Previously, we prepared a pirarubicin (THP)-encapsulated micellar drug using styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA) as the drug carrier, in which active THP was non-covalently encapsulated. We have now developed covalently conjugated SMA-THP (SMA-THP conjugate) for further investigation toward clinical development, because covalently linked polymer-drug conjugates are known to be more stable in ci...

A well-defined, one-to-one conjugate between human serum albumin (HSA) and protamine was synthesized and characterized as a biocompatible carrier for macromolecules. In circulation, the conjugate will camouflage drug molecules upon complex formation, while liberating free drug at the desired location using a triggering mechanism. The N-terminus of protamine was thiolated and conjugated with the...

A derivative of the hypothalamic peptide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) has been coupled to ferritin and the conjugate purified by gel chromatography. In its ability to stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone from pituitary cells in vitro, the conjugate has the same potency and specificity as the native peptide. When dissociated pituitary cells maintained in short-term cult...

Theoretical studies have predicted that large positive cloud-to-ground discharges can trigger a runaway avalanche process of relativistic electrons, forming a geomagnetically trapped electron beam. The beam may undergo pitch angle and energy scattering during its traverse of the Earth’s magnetosphere, with a small percentage of electrons remaining in the loss cone and precipitating in the magne...

Tumor-selective delivery of doxorubicin by a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-targeted peptide conjugate prodrug of doxorubicin was demonstrated in a nude mouse xenograft model of human prostate cancer. The prodrug (referred to as doxorubicin conjugate) contains doxorubicin linked to a seven-amino acid peptide conjugate that was designed to increase delivery of doxorubicin to tumor sites through...

BACKGROUND Infections with some bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, have been associated with a reduced incidence of asthma. Components of S pneumoniae may have the potential to modulate allergic inflammatory responses and suppress the development of asthma. OBJECTIVES To determine if human S pneumoniae vaccines have the potential to suppress asthma by elucidating their effect on al...