Congruence among the Intended, Implemented and Attained “Thinking and Life Style” Curricula in the Eighth Grade M. A. Jamalifar Sh. Hashemi Moghadam, Ph.D. Z. Abedi Karajiban, Ph.D. A.R. Faghihi, Ph.D. The present study was carried out to examine the congruence among the intended, implemented and attained “thinking and life style” curricula in th...

A general notion of a congruence system is introduced for π-institutions. Congruence systems in this sense are collections of equivalence relations on the sets of sentences of the π-institution that are preserved both by signature morphisms and by fixed collections of natural transformations from finite tuples of sentences to sentences. Based on this notion of a congruence system, the notion of...

In this note, we introduce the concept of a fuzzy filter of a BLalgebra,with respect to a t-norm briefly, T-fuzzy filters, and give some relatedresults. In particular, we prove Representation Theorem in BL-algebras. Thenwe generalize the notion of a fuzzy congruence (in a BL-algebra) was definedby Lianzhen et al. to a new fuzzy congruence, specially with respect to a tnorm.We prove that there i...

Work status congruence is the extent to which employees’ current work status (full time or part time) is congruent with their desired work status (Maynard, Thorsteinson & Parfyonova, 2006). Work status incongruence occurs when employees’ work status is inconsistent with their preferred work status, i.e., they are working full time but prefer to work part time or they are working part time but p...

Introduction In the second half of the last century, modularity emerged as a powerful idea for dealing with increasingly complex systems (Schilling 2000; Simon 1962). Noting the transformative power of this perspective, Baldwin and Clark (1997) declared the arrival of the “age of modularity.” They argue that modularity was at the heart of the remarkable rate of innovation in recent history, sin...

Modularity is widely used to effectively measure the strength of the community structure found by community detection algorithms. However, modularity maximization suffers from two opposite yet coexisting problems: in some cases, it tends to favor small communities over large ones while in others, large communities over small ones. The latter tendency is known in the literature as the resolution...

Bipartite networks are an important category of complex networks in human social activities. Newman and Girvan proposed a measurement called modularity to evaluate community structure in unipartite networks called modularity. Due to the success of modularity in unipartite networks, bipartite modularity is developed according to different understandings of community in bipartite networks which a...

Expressions and bounds for Newman's modularity are presented. These results reveal conditions for or properties of the maximum modularity of a network. The influence of the spectrum of the modularity matrix on the maximum modularity is discussed. The second part of the paper investigates how the maximum modularity, the number of clusters, and the hop count of the shortest paths vary when the as...