Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common congenital heart defects. Most of the small or moderate size (<6 mm) muscular VSDs close spontaneously within the first two years of life. The usual mechanism of spontaneous closure involves muscular tissue encroachment with superimposed fibrosis or primary fibrous tissue formation around the margins of the defect. We describe an unusual mec...

Background Ebstein anomaly is a kind of congenital defect of tricuspid valve mainly affecting the right ventricle, recent evidence have suggested the LV geometry remodeling in patient with Ebstein anomaly due to potential RV-LV coupling. The aim of this study-we investigated the interaction between abnormal right ventricle and left ventricle and whether myocardial fibrosis is the basis of abnor...

abstract- the adverse effects of periodontal disease on dental pulp has been debated for many years. this case- control study was performed to assess the possible effects of advanced periodontal disease on the structure of dental pulp. fifty-two permanent teeth extracted because of advanced periodontitis with  5mm attachment loss and grade iii mobility were compared to fifty-two control teeth,...

Description of the eviDence collection methoD The literature review of scientific articles in this guideline was held in the databases Medline, Cochrane and SciELO. The search for evidence came from actual clinical scenarios and used keywords (MeSH terms) grouped in the following syntax: adult dominant polycystic kidney disease; adult recessive polycystic kidney disease; PKD mutation; PKDH1 mut...

Background Measurements of myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) through cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) based T1 mapping allow for non-invasive quantification of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. The evaluation of the right ventricle (RV), often mainly affected in congenital heart disease (CHD), is complicated by its typical morphologic characteristics a thin myocardium and a distinct trabeculatio...

Eyes from cardiomyopathic hamsters (UM-X7.1 strain) were examined histologically for evidence of ocular defects. Changes observed included microphthalmia, scleral ectasia, scleral rupture, keratoconus, retinal detachment, retinal dysplasia, retinal fragmentation, retinal thinning, fibrosis of iris and ciliary body, ectopia lentis, and cataract formation. Lesions characteristic of cardiomyopathi...

Multiple fistulous communications between the left anterior descending coronary artery and the left ventricle were found in a 55 year old woman with congenital hepatic fibrosis presenting with breathlessness. At cardiac catheterisation severe pulmonary hypertension was also found. In view of the persistent hypoprothrombinaemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and the multiple fistulas the risk of oper...

Marriage between cousins results in congenital diseases: heart disease, thalassaemia, and other disabilities in the children. Post-neonatal mortality, childhood morbidity, and haemoglobinopathies (S and E) are common in the offspring of these marriages. These parents increase the risk of low intelligence, mental instability, sickle-cell anaemia, and cystic fibrosis in the children. Researchers ...

Forty one (1%) of 4000 children referred for respiratory disease had chronic suppurative lung disease not due to cystic fibrosis. Further investigations showed congenital malformations in six (15%), primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome in seven (17%), 11 had immunological abnormalities (27%), and two bronchiectasis due to aspiration (5%). Therefore the underlying cause for the disease was found ...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to provide a practical review of the conditions other than cirrhosis that can result in diffuse surface nodularity of the liver or portal hypertension. CONCLUSION Conditions that can mimic cirrhosis on imaging include pseudocirrhosis of treated breast cancer metastases to the liver, fulminant hepatic failure, miliary metastases, sarcoidosis, schistos...