The design, analysis, assembly methods, and optical-bench test results for a miniature injection-molded plastic objective lens used in a fiber-optic confocal reflectance microscope are presented. The five-lens plastic objective was tested as a stand-alone optical system before its integration into a confocal microscope for in vivo imaging of cells and tissue. Changing the spacing and rotation o...

Recent advances in fluorescent confocal microscopy and voltage-sensitive and Ca(2+) dyes have vastly improved our ability to image neuronal circuits. However, existing confocal systems are not fast enough or too noisy for many live-cell functional imaging studies. Here, we describe and demonstrate the function of a novel, nonscanning confocal microscopy module. The optics, which are designed to...

This paper addresses the problem of intensity correction of fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images. CLSM images are frequently used in medical domain for obtaining 3D information about specimen structures by imaging a set of 2D cross sections and performing 3D volume reconstruction afterwards. However, the images of optical sections acquired from fluorescent CLSM demonstra...

This paper presents an integrated endoscope-compatible Fibered Confocal Fluorescence Microscope (FCFM) for medical imaging, the F400. In situ high resolution images can be obtained thanks to a set of flexible miniaturized optical probes of 0.5 to 1.5 mm diameter that can be inserted through the working channel of an endoscope. We briefly present in this paper the FCFM system, with a particular ...

In this paper, we use partial diierential equation based analysis as a methodology for computer-aided cytology. We wish to accurately extract and classify the shapes of nuclei from noisy confocal microscopy images. This is a prerequisite to an accurate quantitative intranuclear (genotypic and phenotypic) and internuclear (tissue structure) analysis of cancerous and pre-cancerous specimens. We s...

We present a novel, hand-held microscope probe for acquiring confocal images of biological tissue. This probe generates images by scanning a fiber-lens combination with a miniature electromagnetic actuator, which allows it to be operated in resonant and nonresonant scanning modes. In the resonant scanning mode, a circular field of view with a diameter of 190 μm and an angular frequency of 127 H...

BACKGROUND Osseointegrated endosseous implants are widely used for the rehabilitation of completely and partially edentulous patients, being the final prosthodontic treatment more predictable and the failures extremely infrequent. A case of fracture of an endosseous dental implant, replacing the maxillary first molar, occurring in a middle-age woman, 5 years after placement is reported. MATER...

We present a fiber optic confocal reflectance microscope (FCRM) which can be used to image epithelial tissue with sub-cellular resolution in vivo. Confocal images of normal and abnormal appearing cervical tissue were obtained in vivo from eighteen patients undergoing colposcopic examination of the cervix; biopsy specimens were taken from imaged sites. The measured lateral and axial resolutions ...

We present a theoretical analysis of the image formation in structured illumination wide-field fluorescence microscopy (SIWFFM). We show that the optically sectioned images obtained with this approach possess the optical sectioning strengths comparable to those obtained with the confocal microscope. We further show that the transfer function behaviour is directly comparable to that of the true ...

The concept of a multispectral confocal microscope for in vivo imaging is introduced. To demonstrate the concept we modified a slit-scan fluorescence confocal microendoscope incorporating a fiber-optic catheter for in vivo imaging to record multispectral images. The system was designed to examine cellular structures during optical biopsy and to exploit the diagnostic information contained withi...