OBJECTIVE Interruption of energy supply to peripheral axons is a cause of axon loss. We determined whether glycogen was present in mammalian peripheral nerve, and whether it supported axon conduction during aglycemia. METHODS We used biochemical assay and electron microscopy to determine the presence of glycogen, and electrophysiology to monitor axon function. RESULTS Glycogen was present i...

The capacitance and dielectric loss factor were measured for a sample of purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium as a function of hydration level (0.017 to >0.2 g of water/g of membrane) and frequency (10 kHz to 10 MHz). The capacitance and the derived conductivity show explosive growth above a threshold hydration level, h(c) approximately 0.0456. The conductivity shows a deuterium isotope ef...

This study compares muscle fiber conduction velocities during isometric maximal voluntary contraction in different degrees of diabetic neuropathy classified by a fuzzy expert model. Sixty-seven diabetic patients of both sexes were classified by a fuzzy expert system in four groups according to the neuropathy degree: absent, mild, moderate and severe. Average muscle fiber conduction velocities o...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To prospectively evaluate hearing outcomes in children with otosclerosis undergoing primary stapes surgery. STUDY DESIGN A nonrandomized, nonblinded, prospective case series. METHODS Thirty-four consecutive pediatric patients who underwent 41 primary stapedotomies for otosclerosis in a tertiary referral center were included. Patients were included when there was eviden...

Connexin43 (Cx43) is critical for maintaining electrical conduction across atrial muscle. During progressive ageing atrial conduction slows associating with increasing susceptibility to arrhythmias. Changes in Cx43 protein expression, or its phosphorylation status, can instigate changes in the conduction of the cardiac action potential. This study investigated whether increased levels of activa...

The non-Fourier effect in heat conduction is important in strong thermal environments and thermal shock problems. Generally, commercial FE codes are not available for analysis of non-Fourier heat conduction. In this study, a meshless formulation is presented for the analysis of the non-Fourier heat conduction in the materials. The formulation is based on the symmetric local weak form of the sec...

In this paper, the combination of conduction with radiation into a semitransparent medium which includes absorption, emission and scattering has been investigated. In order to Study the conduction in medium, the Non-Fourier heat conduction has been applied. In this model there is a time delay between heat flux and temperature gradient. Also, in contrast with Fourier heat conduction, the speed o...

Cardiac conduction system (CCS) disease, which results in disrupted conduction and impaired cardiac rhythm, is common with significant morbidity and mortality. Current treatment options are limited, and rational efforts to develop cell-based and regenerative therapies require knowledge of the molecular networks that establish and maintain CCS function. Recent genome-wide association studies (GW...

Acetylcholine (ACh) evokes the conduction of vasodilation along resistance microvessels. However, it is not known which cell layer (endothelium or smooth muscle) serves as the conduction pathway. In isolated, cannulated feed arteries ( approximately 70 microm in diameter at 75 mm Hg; length approximately 4 mm) of the hamster retractor muscle, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial cells prov...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of human central nervous system (CNS), which causes irreversible disability in young adults. The cause and cure for MS remain unknown. Pathophysiology of MS includes two arms: inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration. The inflammatory demyelination of MS which is mainly promoted by a massive activation of...