We propose an information-theoretic bias measurement technique through a causal interpretation of spurious correlation, which is effective to identify the feature-level algorithmic by taking advantage conditional mutual information. Although several methods have been proposed and widely investigated achieve fairness in various tasks such as face recognition, their accuracy- or logit-based metri...

One of the main criticisms to game theory concerns the assumption of full rationality. Logit dynamics is a decentralized algorithm in which a level of irrationality (a.k.a. “noise”) is introduced in players’ behavior. In this context, the solution concept of interest becomes the logit equilibrium, as opposed to Nash equilibria. Logit equilibria are distributions over strategy profiles that poss...

Despite the fact that flexible spending accounts (FSAs) are becoming an increasingly popular employer-provided health benefit, there has been very little empirical study of FSA use among employees at the individual level. This study contributes to the literature on FSAs using a unique data set that provides three years of employee-level-matched benefits data. Motivated by the theoretical model ...

  I n this paper, the effects of the Food Stamp (FS) Program (now referred to as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-SNAP) on individuals’ food choices are evaluated. In other words, I examine how households' food choice or relative food consumption is changed by FS participation. For this purpose six food groups are created using 2016 Consumer Expenditure Diary Surv...

The Treatment Effect, the Cross Difference, and the Interaction Term in Nonlinear “Difference-in-Differences” Models I demonstrate that Ai and Norton’s (2003) point about cross differences is not relevant for the estimation of the treatment effect in nonlinear “difference-in-differences” models such as probit, logit or tobit, because the cross difference is not equal to the treatment effect, wh...

We propose a new approach to identification of multinomial choice models with a group (or panel) structure. The utility for each choice is additively separable in a choice-specific fixed effect, a disturbance, and an index function of covariates and parameters. Observations in the same group are assumed to share the same fixed effects. Special cases of our semiparametric model include Chamberla...

The aim of this paper is to describe the structure of the household’s energy demand as a discretercontinuous choice and, on this basis, establish an econometric model suitable for the data available in the Norwegian Energy Sur̈ eys. The discrete appliance choice is Ž specified as a multinomial logit model, with a mixture of appliance attributes operating . Ž . costs and individual characteristic...

Dropouts are common in longitudinal study. If the dropout probability depends on the missing observations at or after dropout, this type of dropout is called informative (or nonignorable) dropout (ID). Failure to accommodate such dropout mechanism into the model will bias the parameter estimates. We propose a conditional autoregressive model for longitudinal binary data with an ID model such th...

We present a general description of two mixed branes interactions. For this we consider two mixed branes with dimensions p1 and p2, in external field Bμν and arbitrary gauge fields A (1) α1 and A (2) α2 on the world volume of them, in spacetime in which some of its directions are compactified on circles with different radii. Some examples are considered to clear these general interactions. Fina...