This paper presents the hypothesis that concept possession is sufficient and necessary for self-consciousness. If this is true it provides a yardstick for gauging the validity of different research paradigms in which claims for self-consciousness in animals or human infants are made: a convincing demonstration of concept possession in a research subject, such as a display of inferential reasoni...

In this paper, a solution procedure for the solution of the system of fuzzy differential equations ẋ(t) = α(A− In) [t(A− In) + In]−1 x(t), x(0) = x0 where A is real n × n matrix which does not have eigenvalues on R− and x0 is a vector consisting of n fuzzy numbers is developed. In addition, the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of fuzzy solution is presented. An example is pr...

This paper develops and estimates a behavioural model spanning two equity markets, with boundedly rational representative agents. These fund managers use three different types of information and change the relative weights on the information sources. The model is estimated for Hong Kong and Thailand, in the period surrounding the Asian crisis. We find that fund managers are boundedly rational i...

AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) has been widely used in decision making techniques. However, the results from AHP often lose reliability because the comparison matrix does not always have sufficient consistency. In these cases, fuzzy representation for weighting activities using results from a sensitivity analysis is useful. In this paper, we present alternative overall weights by employing so...

Relationships between proto-fuzzy concepts, crisply generated fuzzy concepts, and pattern structures are considered. It is shown that proto-fuzzy concepts are closely related to crisply generated fuzzy concepts in the sense that the mappings involved in the definitions coincide for crisp subsets of attributes. Moreover, a proto-fuzzy concept determines a crisp subset of attributes, which genera...

Learning phonetic categories is one of the first steps to learning a language, yet is hard to do using only distributional phonetic information. Semantics could potentially be useful, since words with different meanings have distinct phonetics, but it is unclear how many word meanings are known to infants learning phonetic categories. We show that attending to a weaker source of semantics, in t...

The last decade has seen an enormous development in infinite-valued systems and in particular in such systems which have become known as mathematical

Formal modeling in psychology is failing to live up to its potential due to a lack of effective collaboration. As a first step towards solving this problem, we have produced a set of freely-available tools for distributed collaboration. This article describes those tools, and the conceptual framework behind them. We also provide concrete examples of how these tools can be used. The approach we ...