Since the passage of the environmental legislation in the early 1970's, critics have attacked these laws as being unnecessary and for contributing significantly to the problem of inflation in the United States. This paper is an attempt to put the inflationary costs of air pollution into perspective by considering them in light of the cost, especially to public health, of not proceeding with pol...

A rational comparison of different serum concentrations of alpha1-fetoprotein (S-AFP) in the diagnosis of hepatoma must be made. We took data on the sensitivity and specificity of different diagnostic S-AFP concentrations from the literature and evaluated them statistically and by Bayesian analysis. In our patients (hepatoma prevalence 0.028) a sensitive diagnostic concentration (30-50 ng/ml) w...

­ We document an experimental study to optimize yield of an ethanol distillation process. The yield is expressed in terms of concentration of the ethanol obtained, and the profit from the process. Concentration is a function of six input factors that can be varied within a given range. Profit is a function of the revenue (which depends on the concentration of ethanol achieved) and costs (which ...

In many industries, entrepreneurs are asked to undergo a process called “frugal innovation.” This process supports advances in technology that drive own spending and improve results or leave them static. ikewise, in the healthcare system, there is a shift occuring calling for a reduction in spending. Key to this shift ill be implementation of innovative devices brought orward by entrepreneurs. ...

The Spanish health system has undergone spectacular development in recent decades. It now provides universal access, almost without direct costs for patients, and achieves high levels of quality and excellence. However, in parallel with other Western countries’ health systems, the Spanish system is showing signs of strain as it faces ever-greater costs as a result of the increased resources nee...

dust storms are catastrophic natural disasters that beside other disasters frequency occur in the arid and semiaridregions worldwide. drought occurrence, climate aridity, dryness of the hamoun lake cause strong winds to below.these conditions have been prepared for dust storms in sistan region. the damages to sistan society have beenmeasured using different criteria. the result shows that, peak...

dust storms are catastrophic natural disasters that beside other disasters frequency occur in the arid and semiaridregions worldwide. drought occurrence, climate aridity, dryness of the hamoun lake cause strong winds to below.these conditions have been prepared for dust storms in sistan region. the damages to sistan society have beenmeasured using different criteria. the result shows that, peak...

BACKGROUND Obtaining well-founded estimates of the effect of demographic change on future health expenditures is a pressing issue in all developed countries. Thus far, expenditure projections have examined the effect of age on health care costs, but fail to account for the influence of remaining life expectancy on costs. OBJECTIVE This paper seeks to create a more accurate projection model th...

the problem of finding the minimum cost multi-commodity flow in an undirected and completenetwork is studied when the link costs are piecewise linear and convex. the arc-path model and overflowmodel are presented to formulate the problem. the results suggest that the new overflow model outperformsthe classical arc-path model for this problem. the classical revised simplex, frank and wolf and a ...