bioremoval and bioreduction activities of hydrocarbon (diesel) isolation from environmental samples were studied by the activity of biosurfactant production, and calculating emulsification index, gravimetric, and ftir analysis along with the estimation of bacterial biomass. sample from soil near petrol, diesel pumps and water sample from thesjaswini river near padannakad, kasaragod, kerala, ind...

Identification of protein targets of post-translational modification is an important analytical problem in biology. Protein microarrays exposed to cellular extracts could offer a rapid and convenient means of identifying modified proteins, but this kind of biochemical assay, unlike DNA microarrays, depends on a faithful reconstruction of in vivo conditions. Over several years, concentrated cell...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to analyze alpha 2 Macroglobulin/MMP (alpha 2M/MMP) complex formation and to investigate whether MMP activity in alpha 2M/MMP complexes in serum can be used as a disease marker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS High and low molecular weight (H/LMW) substrates and inhibitors and size exclusion were used to analyze alpha 2M/MMP complex formation. L...

abstract soilless culture of greenhouse vegetables has been a fast developing section in iran during recent years. most growers use hydroponics systems with artificial substrates. some of the used substrates have low water retention which results in wasting a great deal of solution. on the other hand, low vigor of cucumber root in water and fertilizer absorption, especially in low media tempera...

This short review is aimed at giving an overview of catalytic carbonylative double cyclization reactions, which are processes in suitable organic substrates and carbon monoxide sequentially activated by a promoting catalyst to form two new cycles with the concomitant incorporation as carbonyl function final product. Paradigmatic examples this powerful synthetic methodology, allows one-step synt...

Gamma-secretase is a ubiquitous, multiprotein enzyme composed of presenilin, nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2. It mediates the intramembrane proteolysis of many type 1 proteins, plays an essential role in numerous signaling pathways, and helps drive the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease by excising the hydrophobic, aggregation-prone amyloid beta-peptide from the beta-amyloid precursor protein. A cen...

Mutations in PARKIN, pten-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), and DJ-1 are individually linked to autosomal recessive early-onset familial forms of Parkinson disease (PD). Although mutations in these genes lead to the same disease state, the functional relationships between them and how their respective disease-associated mutations cause PD are largely unknown. Here, we show that Parkin, PINK1, ...

Type I chaperonins are large, double-ring complexes present in bacteria (GroEL), mitochondria (Hsp60), and chloroplasts (Cpn60), which are involved in mediating the folding of newly synthesized, translocated, or stress-denatured proteins. In Escherichia coli, GroEL comprises 14 identical subunits and has been exquisitely optimized to fold its broad range of substrates. However, multiple Cpn60 s...

Staphostatins are the endogenous, highly specific inhibitors of staphopains, the major secreted cysteine proteases from Staphylococcus aureus. We have previously shown that staphostatins A and B are competitive, active site-directed inhibitors that span the active site clefts of their target proteases in the same orientation as substrates. We now report the crystal structure of staphostatin B i...