The rapid development of digital music applications in Indonesia is an opportunity for application providers to meet the needs and desires community. One them Spotify app. problem based on number Freemium users than Premium start many new that are starting emerge, this a challenge increasing its repurchase intention. research method used study quantitative with descriptive type research. Sampli...

Competition structures ecological communities and alters host-pathogen interactions. In environmentally transmitted pathogens, an infection-resistant competitor may influence infection dynamics in a susceptible species through the negative impacts of competition (e.g., by reducing host density or causing nutritional stress that increases susceptibility to infection) and/or the positive impacts ...