The use of ultrafiltration technology for municipal drinking water applications is a relatively recent concept, although in the beginning, it is already commonly used in many industrial applications such as food or pharmaceutical industries. Ultrafiltration is proven to be a competitive treatment compare with conventional ones. In some cases, the combination of ultrafiltration with conventional...

This paper shows that a strategic but purely competitive e ect of multi-market contact (MMC) can change the quantity provided by a multimarket rm by as much as 50%. Multi-market rms serve some but not all of their rivals' markets. As a result, a rm's reaction to rivals' actions in one market depends on the conditions in other markets served by the rm. Moreover, a rm's move in one market may a e...

This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized sa...

This paper discusses various market design options for procuring, pricing and settling Ancillary Services via competitive auctions by an Independent System Operator (ISO). The paper also discusses problems and potential solutions associated with these market design options based on actual experience of operating ISOs. These problems include price volatility and spikes and price reversals for th...

This paper outlines the fundamental features of the PJM day-ahead energy market and real-time energy market. The Day-ahead market is based on a voluntary least-cost security constrained unit commitment and dispatch with several fundamental design features that ensure the market is robust and competitive. This market offers market participants the option to lock in energy and transportation char...

IN THE UNITED STATES ALONE, there are thousands of people every year whose lives could be saved by means of a liver or kidney transplant but who die because organs are unavailable. Even the tens of thousands who obtain a transplant often have to wait years for an operation, during which time their quality of life and their post-operative prospects deteriorate. A sure way of increasing supply to...

In an effort to improve the efficiency of spectrum usage, the cognitive radio (CR) [1] technology was proposed, bringing the possibility of dynamic spectrum management (DSM) [2]. Generally speaking, the multiuser communication systems in the background of CR are interference-limited. Power control is one of the central issues in the design of these systems. This problem can be modeled as a comp...

the concept of value creation is gaining momentum in iran under the open regime. iranian companies are geared to understand and act upon the concept of shareholder value to stay competitive in this unfathomable and volatile environment. most executives today understand that, the need to create shareholder value is paramount and the world’s most competitive management teams are responding to the...

1 Public policy development for electricity restructuring emphasizes institutions for market operations in network systems. The different models present alternatives for the mix of responsibilities of the necessary system operator. Customer flexibility and choice require efficient pricing; inefficient pricing necessarily limits market flexibility. The analysis points to an integrated independen...