BACKGROUND For effective deterrence methods, individual, systemic and situational factors that make an athlete or athlete group more susceptible to doping than others should be fully investigated. Traditional behavioural models assume that the behaviour in question is the ultimate end. However, growing evidence suggests that in doping situations, the doping behaviour is not the end but a means ...

ABSTRACT Introduction: The knee joint is the most complex weight-bearing in human body. An athlete's prone to injury competitive sports; it one of common injuries and, some sports, severe meniscus and cruciate ligament occur frequently as, for example, handball soccer, can even end career an elite athlete. Objective: To explore comparison flexion extension force different athletes. Methods: cha...

the aim of this research was to study the relationship between locus of control (loc) and general health (gh) in athletes and non – athlete male students in tehran university. for this purpose, 206 athlete and non – athlete university stundents (age: 18 – 25 years old) were selected randomly. the research method used in this study was ex post facto – descriptive. ratter's locus of control ...

OBJECTIVE To present recommendations for the certified athletic trainer in the management of type 1 diabetes in the athlete. BACKGROUND In managing diabetes, the most important goal is to keep blood glucose levels at or as close to normal levels as possible without causing hypoglycemia. This goal requires the maintenance of a delicate balance among hypoglycemia, euglycemia, and hyperglycemia,...

The manuscript "Plasma Somatomedin-C in 8- to 10-Year-Old Swimmers" by Denison and Ben-Ezra published in the first issue of Pediatric Exercise Science in 1989 was among the first to address the relationship between growth, the growth hormone (GH)/Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis, and exercise. Since their pioneering article, this topic has become of great interest to pediatricians and ...

Hemoptysis can be a very concerning symptom, and the workup of a patient with hemoptysis may be expensive and invasive. Over the past decade, there has been increasing recognition of hemoptysis that occurs in highly trained athletes under conditions of extreme physical exertion and is explained by "pulmonary capillary stress failure". This report highlights the physiological mechanisms of pulmo...

1 Within the self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000) framework, research has 2 considered the consequences of coaches’ autonomy supportive and controlling behaviors on 3 various athlete outcomes (e.g., motivation and performance). The antecedents of such 4 behaviors, however, have received little attention. Coaches (N = 443) from a variety of sports 5 and competitive levels completed...

OBJECTIVE To present the case of an 18-year-old collegiate decathlete with a Salter-Harris type I epiphyseal plate fracture of the proximal humerus. BACKGROUND A collegiate decathlete was playing flag football and fell on an outstretched arm. He was taken to the emergency room and diagnosed with a type I epiphyseal plate fracture. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AC sprain, dislocation or subluxation...

A 39-year-old male police officer with coronary artery disease enrolled in our cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program after coronary artery bypass grafting. He wanted to return not only to his job but also to playing ice hockey and outdoor soccer, and his responses to a self-assessment scale confirmed that he identified strongly as an athlete. On the basis of this unique profile, the CR staff desi...

Background: The goals of participation youth sports are primarily concerned with the facilitation of positive youth development as opposed to outright success. Consequently, there are strong theoretical and empirical links between sports coaching and athlete development. Transformational leadership behaviours, in particular, have been theoretically linked to positive developmental outcomes with...