Normal residual is one of the usual assumptions of autoregressive models but in practice sometimes we are faced with non-negative residuals case. In this paper we consider some autoregressive models with non-negative residuals as competing models and we have derived the maximum likelihood estimators of parameters based on the modified approach and EM algorithm for the competing models. Also,...

There is significant recent interest in Peto's paradox and the related problem of the evolution of large, long-lived organisms in terms of cancer robustness. Peto's paradox refers to the expectation that large, long-lived organisms have a higher lifetime cancer risk, which is not the case: a paradox. This paradox, however, is circular: large, long-lived organisms are large and long-lived becaus...