Literature is a measure of nation’s spiritual development, as well an expression its and educational experiences. It known that fiction, which embodies great social power, exerts active influence on the expansion human consciousness formulation aesthetic taste. In evolution Arabic, Persian, Chinese, Afghan literature, progression narrative genre toward prose, plot stories, compositional structu...

from among the arabic alphabet, hamza is the only vowel with four orthographic variations of (alone), (above a w?w), (above and under an ‘alif) and (above a dotless y?). such an orthographic variation for hamza has caused spelling problems for writers mainly those who write in both arabic and persian. the present article is to reach the following objectives: 1. introducing the right orthography...

This paper presents a survey of the literature on writer identification schemes and techniques up till date. The paper outlines an overview of the writer identification schemes mainly in Chinese, English, Arabic and Persian languages. Taxonomy of different features adopted for online and offline writer identification schemes is also drawn at. The feature extraction methods adopted for the schem...

Tajik Persian is a dialect of Persian spoken primarily in Tajikistan and written with a modified Cyrillic alphabet. Iranian Persian, or Farsi, as it is natively called, is the lingua franca of Iran and is written with the Persian alphabet, a modified Arabic script. Although the spoken versions of Tajik and Farsi are mutually intelligible to educated speakers of both languages, the difference be...

This paper presents a rule-based method for transcription of English words into the PersoArabic orthography. The method relies on the phonetic representation of English words such as the CMU pronunciation dictionary. Some of the challenging problems are the context-based vowel representation in the Perso-Arabic writing system and the mismatch between the syllabic structures of English and Persi...