Objective To investigate the association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all cause mortality.Design Prospective population based study. Setting UK Biobank.Participants 263 450 participants (106 674 (52%) women; mean age 52.6), recruited from 22 sites across the UK. The exposure variable was the mode of transport used (walking, cycling, mixed mode ...

BACKGROUND The current political agenda aims to promote active environments and physical activity while commuting to work, but research on it has provided mixed results. This study examines whether the proximity of green space and people's residence in different travel-related urban zones contributes to commuting physical activity. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional health examination s...

Decentralization development and changing urban form will increase the mobility and contribute to global CO2 emissions, in particular for developing countries which are experiencing rapid economic growth and urban expansion. In this paper, an integrated analytical framework, which can quantify the impact of changing urban form on commuting CO2 emissions, is presented. This framework simultaneou...

ISSUES ADDRESSED Active travel can increase population levels of physical activity, but should be promoted equitably. Socio-economic advantage, housing location and/or car ownership influence walking and cycling (active travel) for transport. We examined active commuting over time in the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Region, and associations between active commuting and socioeconomic advantage, u...

BACKGROUND Research has demonstrated that adolescents who actively commute have higher levels of physical activity (PA), which have declined precipitously over the past 30 years. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of active commuting to school; and to identify barriers associated with active commuting. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1672 students (46....

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between heart rate variability (HRV) parameters with leisure time and commuting physical activities in adolescent boys. METHODS The sample included 1152 male adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. The variation of consecutive heart beats (RR intervals) was assessed and HRV parameters in time (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency domains (LF/HF) were calculated....

BACKGROUND AND AIM Commuting by bicycle could contribute to public health, and route environments may influence this behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the potential associations between appraisals of the overall route environment as hindering or stimulating for bicycle commuting, with both perceptions of commuting route environmental factors in a suburban area and backgro...

We prove that every strongly commuting pair of CP0-semigroups has a minimal E0-dilation. This is achieved in two major steps, interesting in themselves: 1: we show that a strongly commuting pair of CP0semigroups can be represented via a two parameter product system representation; 2: we prove that every fully coisometric product system representation has a fully coisometric, isometric dilation....

The well-known von Neumann inequality for commuting row contractions can be interpreted as saying that the tuple (Mz1 , . . . ,Mzn) on the Drury-Arveson space H 2 n dominates every other commuting row contraction (A1, . . . , An). We show that a similar domination relation exists among certain pairs of “lessor” row contractions (B1, . . . , Bn) and (A1, . . . , An). This hints at a possible hie...