A C *-algebra A is called an ideal C * -algebra (or equally a dual algebra) if it is an ideal in its bidual A**. M.C.F. Berglund proved that subalgebras and quotients of ideal C*-algebras are also ideal C*-algebras, that a commutative C *-algebra A is an ideal C *-algebra if and only if it is isomorphicto C (Q) for some discrete space ?. We investigate ideal J*-algebras and show that the a...

But what is it exactly? Let us motivate the problem in a mathematical way: consider the Gel’fand-Naimark duality theorem, a mathematical theorem which establishes a one-to-one correspondence between topological (Hausdorff) spaces X and commutative C∗-algebras A=C(X), where A is the algebra of continuous complex-valued functions f : X → C with the pointwise multiplication (f.g)(x) = f(x).g(x). G...

We introduce the notion of a graded integral element, prove the counterpart of the lying-over theorem on commutative algebra in the context of left commutative rngs, and use the Hu-Liu product to select a class of noncommutative rings. Left commutative rngs were introduced in [1]. I have two reasons to be interested in left commutative rngs. The first reason is that left commutative rngs are a ...

The aim of this paper is to generalize the‎‎notion of pseudo-almost valuation domains to arbitrary‎ ‎commutative rings‎. ‎It is shown that the classes of chained rings‎ ‎and pseudo-valuation rings are properly contained in the class of‎ ‎pseudo-almost valuation rings; also the class of pseudo-almost‎ ‎valuation rings is properly contained in the class of quasi-local‎ ‎rings with linearly ordere...

Homotopy groups of a connective ring spectrum R form an Ngraded algebra π∗R which is commutative if R is commutative. We describe a secondary algebra π∗,∗R which enriches the structure of the algebra π∗R in a new unexpected way. The algebra π∗,∗R encodes secondary homotopy operations in π∗R, such as Toda brackets, and the first Postnikov invariant of R as a ring spectrum. Moreover, π∗,∗R repres...

The subject of this paper are two Hopf algebras which are the non-commutative analogues of two different groups of formal power series. The first group is the set of invertible series with the group law being multiplication of series, while the second group is the set of formal diffeomorphisms with the group law being composition of series. The motivation to introduce these Hopf algebras comes ...

We introduce the notion of pseudo-commutative monad together with that of pseudoclosed 2-category, the leading example being given by the 2-monad on Cat whose 2-category of algebras is the 2-category of small symmetric monoidal categories. We prove that for any pseudo-commutative 2-monad on Cat, its 2-category of algebras is pseudo-closed. We also introduce supplementary definitions and results...