In this examination of communal violence (intrastate armed conflict between two non-state groups), we examine the relationship between one aspect of state institutional strength—property rights protection (PRP) – and inequality between social groups. Using a contest success function model, we build in an assumption that increasing PRP reduces the effectiveness of appropriative effort, generally...

Kepler is an attempt to bridge the gap between established, organization-backed digital libraries and groups of researchers that wish to publish their findings under their control, anytime, anywhere yet have the advantages of an OAI-compliant digital library. We describe an architecture and implementation of the Kepler system that allows an archivelet to be installed in the order of minutes by ...

Aposematic passion-vine butterflies from the genus Heliconius form communal roosts on a nightly basis. This behaviour has been hypothesized to be beneficial in terms of information sharing and/or anti-predator defence. To better understand the adaptive value of communal roosting, we tested these two hypotheses in field studies. The information-sharing hypothesis was addressed by examining follo...

Recently there has been a surge in interest on how HIV/AIDS affects fertility in countries hit by the disease. In this study, the effect of communal HIV/AIDS on fertility in rural Malawi is estimated using individual data from the 2004 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey on fertility and the ideal number of children. The survey includes individual HIV status, making it possible to distinguish ...

The main purpose of this study is to provide a detailed statistical overview of the time and regional distribution, relative timing occurrence of economic crises and government changes in 51 economies over the 1990–2007 periods. At the same time, the predictive power of the economic crises on set government changes will be examined using “signal approach”. The result showed that the percentage ...

In this paper, we review three branches of theoretical literature on financial crises. The first one deals with banking crises originating from coordination failures among bank creditors. The second one deals with frictions in credit and interbank markets due to problems of moral hazard and adverse selection. The third one deals with currency crises. We discuss the evolutions of these branches ...

In this paper, the authors address three recent organizational crises that have occurred in China; the SK-II cosmetic incident, the Sharon Stone comment on the May 2008 earthquake in China, and the melamine milk contamination crisis. Each held significant notoriety due to the crises involving major companies and an assortment of negative outcomes. After presenting an overview of each case, the ...

Currency crises appear to spread regionally. In this paper we use Bayesian methodology on data from four waves of currency crises in the late twentieth century to examine the mechanism by which currency crises spread from one country to another. In particular, we examine whether trade linkages, “other” unquantifiable linkages proxied for by relative geographical distance, or macroeconomic and f...

nancial crises is one of the gravest threats to an open and liberal international economic order... Recent events in Turkey and Argentina demonstrate that financial crises with potentially profound consequences for economic and political stability are not a thing of the past. They also demonstrate the continued urgency of finding practical and concrete means to handle the crises that do occur.”...

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in Israel February 2020 prompted widespread public response, which included a deluge of humorous memes. current article discusses the main meme cycles with aim uncovering functions meme, and particularly its singular language, incorporates universal particular, global local, hegemonic subversive. memes are examined their immediate context, as respon...