This article reviews eight TAM (Tense/Aspect/Mood) markers of Turkish regarding their pragmatic functions. Its main argument is that three aspectuo-temporal situations and nominal predication present an environment where multiple compete for expression the choice marker depends on pragmatics. Perfective past viewpoint has four competing markers: mIştI, DI, mIş mIştIr. mIştI DI contrast in -mIşt...

A problem that crops up repeatedly in shallow and deep syntactic parsing approaches to South Asian languages like Urdu/Hindi is the proper treatment of complex predications. Problems for the NLP of complex predications are posed by their productiveness and the ill understood nature of the range of their combinatorial possibilities. This paper presents an investigation into whether fine-grained ...

Probability judgments about logical propositions have raised substantial doubts about human rationality. Here we explore the idea that people’s probability judgments often may not refer to the relative frequency of a set, but instead to the probability of an explanatory logical pattern given the data. This idea has been formalized by Bayesian logic (BL), predicting a system of frequency-based l...

occur in many languages. The phenomenon in English was called secondary predica t ion . The intuitive understanding of (1) seems clear, but already in English it is not clear which phenomena are to be called secondary predication in general. Things get even more difficult when other languages are considered. The problem is not merely one of the term extension. The emphasis is on the relation be...

Spatial information is information bound to spatial entities such as regions. It is based on the spatial structure alone (the valley includes the field) or connects thematic predicates with spatial entities (Joan Smith owns the field). Formal models of spatial information are concerned with the question of how the structure of space is related to inferences about spatial information. Therefore,...

Let A be a well-formed formula of first-order modal logic whose only free variable is x. We shall use the following abbreviations: Mat(A) for (x)[OA * 0~A] Form(A) for (x)[DA vD-i] Ban(A) for ((x)DA) v ((x)U~A) Pred(A) for Form(A) v Mat(A). We read Mat(A), FormjA), and Ban(A) respectively as: "A is material", "A is formal", and "A is banal"; Pred(A) is the assertion of the Principle of Predica-...

In corrosion protection study, it is important to develop economically attractive test method for mitigation of corrosion damage of coated structure. Faster predication of protective behavior of any coating is a big challenge for the coating industries. In present work, in-house waterborne anticorrosive coating system was selected for study. The corrosion protection of coating evaluated as per ...