Vaccination programs for the control of avian influenza (AI) in poultry have limitations due to the problem of differentiating between vaccinated and virus-infected birds. We have used NS1, the conserved nonstructural protein of influenza A virus, as a differential diagnostic marker for influenza virus infection. Experimentally infected poultry were evaluated for the ability to induce antibodie...

We analyzed the utility of a commercial NS1 antigen based ELISA (Panbio Dengue Early ELISA) for detection of dengue infection during the early acute phase and anti-Dengue IgM capture ELISA for detecting dengue infection in patients in dengue endemic settings. A total of 145 serum samples collected from febrile suspected dengue patients were tested for the presence of anti-dengue IgM antibody us...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown considerable variation in diagnostic performance of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for measuring antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) specific for proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). OBJECTIVE To analyse the performance characteristics of different commercially available direct ANCA ELISA kits. METHODS ELISA kits for dete...

objective: sera from 186 sheep (93 rams and 93ewes) from tabriz, north-west of iran were evaluated for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using a commercial elisa kit. methods: the animals were divided into two age groups (< 2 years, and > 2 years). results: antibodies to t. gondii were found in 13 of 186 sheep (6.98%). infection rate in ewes was higher than rams but this difference was not signif...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infects both humans and animals, with an overall human mortality rate generally less than 1%, but as high as 20% among pregnant women. HEV strains fall into 4 major genotypes. Zoonotic genotypes 3 and 4 associate with sporadic human and animal HEV cases in many industrialized countries. To date, collective evidence implicates pigs as the main HEV reservoir, justifying th...

BACKGROUND Serologic diagnosis of Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cpn) infection routinely involves assays for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies to Cpn. Although IgA antibodies to Cpn have been found to be of interest in the diagnosis of chronic infections, their significance in serological diagnosis remains unclear. The microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test is the current method for the measuremen...

Background: Dirofilaria immitis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic, vector-borne parasite of carnivorous animals causing dirofilariasis in human beings. Common commercial serodiagnostic tests for canine dirofilariasis usually lead to different results in their sensitivity and specificity. The present study reports development of recombinant DgK (rDgK) antigen of D. immitis for accurate immunodiagnosis o...