The School of Tropical Medicine was founded in 1902 along with the Colonial Hospital of Lisbon. The Portuguese government recognized the importance of colonising the tropics and therefore supported the creation of a specific locus of medical training that would prove to be crucial to the clinical and experimental study of tropical diseases. This paper examines the importance of such institution...

However, a similar trend was observed in a much more rigorously conducted survey in England (Blatchford & Sumpner, 1998). That survey’s nationally representative random sample of primary and secondary schools (1 in 10 of such schools in the country) found uniform erosion of recess time across a 5-year period (1990/1991– 1995/1996). Declines in recess periods were reported in both primary school...

in the last years of the twentieth century and the early years of the twenty first century, globalization with all its aspects and effects, has laid a ground which has originated and/or deepened structural weaknesses of states, their inability to answer the citizens’ demands and functional crisis of states. formation of international institutions, international non-governmental organizations (n...

This special issue is concerned with German theory, which is to say, theory generated in German cultural and linguistic spaces, in the territories claimed by the various German states over time, and among German-speaking emigrants and refugees. ‘Theory’ is defined here to encompass the space shared by philosophy, social theory, and cultural theory*/the theory-space that is most relevant for the...

Abstract Colonial investments impacted long-run political and economic development, but there is little systematic evidence of their origins spatial distribution. Combining novel data sources, this article shows that colonial were very unequally distributed within sixteen British French African colonies. What led states to invest much more in some districts than others? The author argues natura...

State capacity matters for growth. I test Bates’ explanation of pre-colonial African states. He argues that trade across ecological boundaries promoted states. I find that African societies in ecologically diverse environments had more centralized states. This is robust to reverse causation, omitted heterogeneity, and alternative interpretations of the link between diversity and states. Ecologi...

Research related to colonialism and post colonialism shows how the identities of indigenous people were constructed and how these identities are reconstructed in our contemporary world. The thrust of this paper is that colonialism brought a shift in the linguistic structure of Ghana with the introduction of the use of English among Ghanaians. The coexistence of both Ghanaian languages and Engli...