We present a problem dealing with transportation of live animals to slaughterhouses. The problem is taken from the Norwegian meat industry, and may be viewed as a vehicle routing problem extended with constraints to ensure a smooth production flow at the abattoir. In addition, several constraints to ensure animal welfare have to be met. These include duration limits for how long animals may sta...

Collections are at the heart of every program. Modern programming languages have acknowledged this fact by including increasingly better expression mechanisms for manipulating collections of data and objects. When existing objects are selected as elements of collections, often there is an implicit intention that those objects, by means of having been selected, take on new roles. Such is the cas...

It is an undisputable fact that nowadays many different types of crime are conducted by utilizing some type of electronic device communication. To address this new situation, modern forensics tools evolved, becoming sophisticated enough to handle almost all kinds of digital content. However, surprisingly enough, collecting and validating the authenticity of online content remains, until now, a ...

This note shows that disagreement, in the sense of differing priors, may increase the incentives to collect information when two agents work on a joint project. The reason is that each agent believes that new data will confirm his own beliefs and thus ‘convince’ the other agents to do what the focal agent thinks is right.

Social content collection sites on the Web allow communities of interest to create and share information at unprecedented scale. As a point of reference, MediaWiki (the wiki that powers Wikipedia) has millions of installations that allow non-­‐programmers to contribute content. However, because the content in these sites has very little structure the information cannot be easily aggregated to a...

Prostate cancer metastasis to the dura is a rare occurrence. Metastasis to the dura can present as signs and symptoms of worsening mental status or neurological deficit. Therefore, malignant metastasis should be considered in a patient presenting with history of prostate cancer and worsening metal status without evidence of trauma.

This paper examines the feasibility of merging the results of retrieval runs on separate, autonomous document collections into an eeective combined result. In particular, we examine two collection fusion techniques that use the results of past queries to compute the number of documents to retrieve from each of a set of subcollections such that the total number of retrieved documents is equal to...

Urban road congestions change both temporally and spatially. They are essentially caused by network bottlenecks. Therefore, understanding bottleneck dynamics is critical in the goal of reasonably allocating transportation resources. In general, a typical bottleneck experiences the stages of formation, propagation and dispersion. In order to understand the three stages of a bottle neck and how t...

Funding for data collection and analysis of these data has been supported by the 1 International Fund for Agricultural Development (TA Grant No. 301-IFPRI). We gratefully acknowledge this funding, but stress that ideas and opinions presented here are our responsibility and should, in no way, be attributed to IFAD.

☆ Conflict of Interest: None reported. ☆☆ Role of the Funding Source: Funding sources had n design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data,