Pile foundations is a well-studied technique with many applications and its benefits on structures have been widely studied in the literature. In particular, mutual effects of pile flexibility soil deformability may significantly modify seismic behaviour superstructures. order to consider uncertainties that are connected these issues, paper applies probabilistic-based approach fragility curves ...

The behaviour of dry and cohesionless sand body in a cyclic interface shear box test under a constant normal stiffness (CNS) condition is numerically studied. Do this end finite element calculations are carried out using a micro-polar hypoplastic model, where the mean grain diameter of the sand material is used as a characteristic length of the micro-structure. The constitutive equations for th...

The shear strength of cohesionless granular materials is generally attributed to the compactness or anisotropy of their microstructure. An open issue is how such compact or anisotropic microstructures, and thus the shear strength, depend on the particle properties. We first recall the role of fabric and force anisotropies with respect to the critical-state shear stress. Then, a model of accessi...

The paper is concerned with dynamics of multi-phase media consisting of a solid permeable material and a compressible Newtonian fluid. Governing macroscopic equations are derived starting from the space-averaged microscopic mass and momentum balances. The Reynolds stress models (i.e., momentum dispersive fluxes) are discussed, and a suitable model is developed. In the case of granular media the...

In the laboratory we used an idealized rotorwash flow—an axisymmetric jet impinges normally on a packed bed of cohesionless particles—and measured the spatially varying flow field and entrainment flux under an axisymmetric jet over a range of jet exit velocities and bed materials. We found that the erosion of the bed is driven by turbulent surface shear stress, quantified by the turbulent kinet...

We studied soil nematode communities from the surface of granite flatrock outcrops in the eastern Piedmont region of the United States. The thin soils that develop here experience high light intensity and extreme fluctuations in temperature and moisture and host unique plant communities. We collected soils from outcrop microsites in Virginia (VA) and North Carolina (NC) in various stages of suc...

Expansive soils swell when they absorb water and shrink when water evaporates from them. Hence, lightly loaded civil engineering structures founded in these soils are subjected to severe distress. Therefore, there is a need to ameliorate or improve these swelling soils through some innovative methods. This paper discusses chemical stabilisation of expansive soils, a technique in which chemical ...

The concentrations of atrazine in the freshly added soils and the soils that had been incubated for 50 days significantly decreased 1 day after the addition of the enzyme atrazine chlorohydrolase or the soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP as compared with those in the uninoculated soils. Atrazine chlorohydrolase or ADP had no effect on the degradation of metolachlor. The half-lives of atr...

A method for computing slip-line fields in the case of cohesionless backfills with stress discontinuity was proposed. The potential failure zone is divided into Rankine and transition zone, rigorously determined using theory plastic mechanics. are then further a series triangular slices. On basis force moment equilibrium conditions typical slice, recurrence equation lateral established. Further...