Neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC) encode rules, goals, and other abstract information thought to underlie cognitive, emotional, and behavioral flexibility. Here we show that the amygdala, a brain area traditionally thought to mediate emotions, also encodes abstract information that could underlie this flexibility. Monkeys performed a task in which stimulus-reinforcement contingencies varied be...

This paper considers prediction in language processing by examining the role of the visual context, and specifically, the role of speaker referent gaze on cognitive load. We inspect the anticipatory visual attention during sentence processing together with the cognitive load induced at the points of the gaze cue, and the linguistic referent. Employing a novel measurement of cognitive load the I...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com context, the term “aging associated cognitive decline”, introduced by Levy in 19941 [1] portrays a performance on a standardized cognitive test that is at least one standard deviation below ageadjusted norms in at least one of any of the following cognitive domains: memory and learning, attention and cognitive speed, language, or visuoconstructional...