this paper presents a simplified approach to estimate the resultant force, which should be provided by a retention system, for the equilibrium of unstable slopes. the results were obtained with a developed algorithm, based on limit equilibrium analyses, that assumes a two-part wedge failure mechanism. design charts to obtain equivalent earth pressure coefficients are presented. based on the res...

the vast use of linear prediction coefficients (lpc) in speech processing systems has intensified the importance of their accurate computation. this paper is concerned with computing lpc coefficients using evolutionary algorithms: genetic algorithm (ga), particle swarm optimization (pso), dif-ferential evolution (de) and particle swarm optimization with differentially perturbed velocity (pso-dv...