The purpose of this study is to determine the comparative analysis competitiveness Indonesian cocoa bean exports Malaysia before and after export duty policy. research method used descriptive quantitative method. period studied 2001 - 2020 or for twenty years. data in were obtained from official website Central Bureau Statistics, United Nation Commodity Trade Food Agriculture Organization Natio...

Dietary resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) has been implicated in the health benefits associated with grapes and red wine, more specifically with potential benefits for metabolic syndrome, energy use, and increased endurance. Levels of trans-resveratrol and its glucoside, trans-piceid, were determined in 19 top selling commercially available cocoa-containing and chocolate products from the...

Michaels, T. E., Smith, T. H., Larsen, J., Beattie, A. D. and Pauls, K. P. 2006. OAC Rex common bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 733–736. OAC Rex is an upright indeterminate bush white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar intended for use in areas with greater than 2800 crop heat units. It has good yield potential in either wide or narrow row production. It is resistant to races 1 and 15 of bean c...

120 Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol 2, No. 2, May 2008 Drought stress reduces dry bean seed yield in most production regions worldwide (White and Singh, 1991). The release of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm CO46348 (Reg. No. GP-275, PI 651500) will provide plant breeders with drought-tolerant, pinto bean germplasm that takes advantage of a full growing season (95–98 d) and has ...

Application of copper-based fungicide is still the most popular and effective means of controlling black pod disease among Nigerian cocoa farmers. There are two possible pathways through which copper gets into cocoa beans on the field: Uptake and translocation of Cu from soil and Permeation of cocoa pod cuticle by copper after fungicide application. Records showing quantitative contribution of ...

Cocoa contains flavonoids with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of cocoa intake on oxidative stress associated with a model of chronic inflammation such as adjuvant arthritis. Female Wistar rats were fed with a 5% or 10% cocoa-enriched diet or were given p.o. a quercetin suspension every other day for 10 days. Arthritis was induced by a heat-killed Mycob...

The antioxidant capability of beverage blends made from cocoa, zobo and ginger with standard antioxidant assay procedures was investigated. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl) scavenging capacity ranged from 21.2-25.8% in comparison with GSH of 37.1%. The ferric reducing ability was highest in the zobo drink and lowest in ginger. The superoxide scavenging capacity was also highest in the zo...

Phytophthora pathogens are responsible for some of the most serious diseases of cocoa including phytophthora pod rot (PPR) or black pod, stem canker, leaf and seedling blight, chupon wilt and flower cushion infections. PPR causes 10–30% annual losses in production of cocoa beans globally, and much higher losses locally in particularly wet and humid conditions. Stem canker causes further losses ...

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was re-isolated from surface sterilized pieces of the cocoa pod outer section and peduncle, two and three months after flowers of greenhouse cocoa plants were hand-pollinated and sprayed with a 1x107 mL-1 suspension of B. bassiana conidia. The colonization frequency of B. bassiana on cocoa pods was 0.8% and 1.3% two and three months post-spraying o...

Abstract Cocoa hybridisation generates new varieties which are resistant to several plant diseases, but has individual chemical characteristics that affect chocolate production. Image analysis is a useful method for visual discrimination of cocoa beans, while deep learning (DL) emerged as the de facto technique image processing . However, these algorithms require large amount data and careful t...