Aluminium-silicon alloys have gained increasing market share in the automotive and aerospace industry because of increased environmental demands. These alloys have a high strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance, castability and recycling potential. However, variations in properties and limited performance at elevated temperature are restricting these alloys from use at elevated temp...

OBJECTIVE To study exposure to cobalt and chromium in saw maintenance rooms and test respiratory health among saw filers at lumber mills. Hard-metal lung disease is associated with cobalt in the manufacture of tungsten carbide tools; recently it has also been reported among tool maintenance workers. Lumber mills often use saws tipped with tungsten carbide or with a newer alloy, stellite (contai...

Polychlorinated benzenes, dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), and dibenzofurans (PCDF) may be formed below the combustion temperature in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI). Copper catalyzes this formation, possibly by the Deacon reaction. Many other elements are also Deacon catalysts or promoters, and here we report results from a statistically designed experiment with 15 metal oxides...

Internal attack of chromium containing alloys in mixed oxygen-chlorine environments occurs by the formation of pores which penetrate down grain boundaries of the alloys. No internal attack was detected in a binary Fe-20 %Cr alloy at 1200 K in environments containing 2500 ppm C12. The rate of internal attack of alloy 800H in such environments was increased by replacing the O2 in the gas by C02 ....

There is a wide variety of dental alloys, ranging from nearly pure gold and conventional gold-based alloys to alloys based on silver, palladium, nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, tin, and other metals (Table 1). The types of dental alloys have increased significantly since 1980s in order to change the market price of gold and palladium. Although gold alloys are the mate‐ rials of choice in this a...

A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials comparing hip resurfacing to metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty was conducted to determine if there is a difference in serum metal ion levels in patients receiving these implants. EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched from inception to December 2010 for all trials involving the use of these devices. Eligibility for inclusion in the review ...

Relatively little is known about the microstructure of cobalt-base alloys in dentistry. Manufacturers of dental cobalt-base alloys have published very little on this subject. No research has been conducted on the microstructure of the cobalt-base alloys used in dentistry. The need for research in this field is recognized, however, by both the manufacturers of the alloys and researchers in the d...

This is one of the first documented cases of metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty cobalt cardiac toxicity that has led to patient death. A 69-year-old female presented to our institution with cardiac failure secondary to cobalt toxicity resulting from bilateral MoM total hip arthroplasty. Her presenting metal ion levels were a cobalt level of 199 ppb and a chromium level of 77 ppb. She u...

Chromium is one of the 25 most widespread elements in the Earth’s crust and occurs as an indelible non-volatile trace element in raw materials used in cement clinker production (clay, limestone and iron additives in particular). Chromium in raw materials mentioned above is mainly in form of trivalent chromium. Naturally occurring chromium (III) is not initially harmful, since it is chemically s...

Cobalt metallosis after revision metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty for catastrophic failure of ceramic components is uncommon but a potentially devastating complication. Common findings associated with heavy metal toxicity include cardiomyopathy, hypothyroidism, skin rashes, visual disturbances, hearing changes, polycythemia, weakness, fatigue, cognitive deterioration, and neuropathy...