The hydrolysis/precipitation behaviors of Al(3+), Al(13) and Al(30) under conditions typical for flocculation in water treatment were investigated by studying the particulates' size development, charge characteristics, chemical species and speciation transformation of coagulant hydrolysis precipitates. The optimal pH conditions for hydrolysis precipitates formation for AlCl(3), PAC(Al13) and PA...

Introduction: Paper and paperboard industry wastewater has potentially damaging effects on the ecosystem of the receiving environments due to the presence of toxic compounds. As a result, the treatment of such wastewater is necessary prior to discharge into the environment. In this study, the potential of Plantago major L. seed extract as a natural coagulant in treating paper and paperboar...

Introduction: Since some dyes and their metabolites have toxicity and carcinogenicity potential, and are dangerous to the health of different living creatures, discharge of untreated wastewaters containing large concentrations of dye compounds into water resources is one of the important environmental problems. Therefore, in this research, the efficiency of chemical coagulation process was inve...

background: untreated leachate is being discharged into the environment in many countries worldwide. leachate treatment methods have not been unified so far due to the variable composition of leachate. moreover, the lack of appropriate treatment and disposal of leachate causes environmental pollution. this study aimed to compare removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (cod) and total suspe...

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This paper present the possible alternative removal options for the development of safe drinking water supply in the arsenic-affected areas. Each alternative option was studied in the Environmental Engineering Laboratory at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, India. In this paper conventional precipitation (Alum and Iron salt) and adsorption (With various types of adsorbent) method ...

A comparative study was performed on the venoms of adult specimens of the neotropical rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus, from Guatemala, Costa Rica, Venezuela and Brazil, together with the venom of newborn specimens of C. d. durissus from Costa Rica. Venoms from Brazil (C. d. terrificus) and from newborn specimens of C. d. durissus presented an electrophoretic pattern characterized by the predomin...

The antivenom properties of methanolic extract of Ficus iteophylla miq and Borassus aethiopum plants were investigated against the venom of Naja mossandica snake. Both plant extracts effectively reduced the Naja mossandica venom induced hemolytic activity. The result reveals that hemolysis due to venom was 81.5% without extract but the heomolytic activity was drastically reduced by Ficus iteoph...

The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review determine the understanding current research on use Cassava Peel (CP) in field wastewater treatment, especially as coagulant. This reports types coagulant modification CP, coagulants characterization CP for each modification, performance under various conditions, and applications treatment. takes references from 51 articles period 201...