Carbon dioxide has been used commercially to recover oil from reservoir by enhanced oil recovery technologies for over 40 years. Currently, the CO2 flood is the second most applied enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes in the world behind steam flood. Water alternating gas (WAG) injection has been a popular method to control mobility and improve volumetric sweep efficiency for CO2 flooding. The...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oil type on the network formation of heat-set protein aggregates in liquid oil. The gelling properties of such aggregates to structure oil into so-called ‘oleogels’ are related to both the particle–particle and particle–solvent interactions. To change these interactions, four different oils (medium chain triglyceride oil, sunflower oil, extra vi...

In recent years, global warming has been a major issue due to continuous growth of greenhouse gas emissions from different sources. It has been estimated that the global average temperature will rise between 1.4 –5.8 °C by the year 2100 (Williams, 2002). The contributors to greenhouse effects are carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The contr...

Different empirical models were used to describe the supercritical CO2 extraction of soybean oil obtained at series of operational parameters namely pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate and characteristic particle size. Process yields obtained by supercritical CO2 were up to 19.33%. Several kinetic models: Brunner, Kandiah and Spiro, Tan and Liou, Martinez et al. and Esquivel et al. were us...

There is an increasing interest in the production of monoglycerides (MAG) and diglycerides (DAG) rich in omega-3, such as DHA (C22:6n-3) and EPA (C20:5n-3). MAG offer several health benefits over the most commercialized ethyl esters. These partial acylglycerols can be produced by enzymatic glycerolysis reaction, often carried out in organic solvents. This work reports a lipase-catalyzed glycero...

several studies have shown that oil recovery significantly increased by low salinity water flooding (lswf) in sandstones. however, mechanism of oil recovery improvement is still controversial. co2 that develops buffer in presence of water is expected as a deterrent factor in lswf efficiency based on mechanism of ift reduction due to ph uprising. no bright evidence in literature supports this id...

The economic structure of a city evolves as the city develops, resulting in a change in energy consumption. This paper presents a historical review of Hong Kong’s economic development and energy consumption from 1970 to 2015. Based on the official data from the Hong Kong government, it was found that Hong Kong’s gross domestic product increased from HKD 208 billion in 1970 to HKD 2398 billion i...

Dispersed clay particles in mine tailings and soft sediments remain suspended for decades, hindering consolidation and challenging effective management of these aqueous slurries. Current geotechnical engineering models of self-weight consolidation of tailings do not consider microbial contribution to sediment behavior, however, here we show that microorganisms indigenous to oil sands tailings c...