T cell responses are initiated by ligation of their cognate T cell receptor by MHC loaded with antigenic peptide, but their response is carefully controlled by a myriad of environmental cues, including co-activation receptors, cytokines, nutrients, growth factors, local oxygen levels, salt concentrations, and microbiome. The complexity of the integration of signals received by T cells is only b...

Abstract Obesity is a major risk factor underlying the development of metabolic disease and growing public health concern globally. Strategies to promote skeletal muscle metabolism can be effective limit progression disease. Here, we demonstrate that levels Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activator YAP are decreased in biopsies from obese, insulin-resistant humans mice. Targeted disruption Yap...

The fate of 12 pharmaceutical pollutants was investigated to understand their removal mechanism during hospital wastewater (HWW) treatment in submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). High concentrations anti-depressant (venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine), analgesic (ibuprofen hydroxy-ibuprofen), caffeine were detected the HWW entire study period. SMBR showed high >70% antibiotics (sulfamethoxa...

Allosteric Activation of Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) serves as a cellular target small molecule forskolin to promote osteoblast differentiation and ameliorate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Forskolin binds TGM2 on previously undisclosed allosteric site activate by inducing an “open” conformation, thereby improving mitochondrial energy metabolism for osteoporosis treatment. More details can be ...

The present study investigated the effects of co-administration of aspirin, metformin, atorvastatin and captopril on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress in the heart and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In this study, rats were randomly divided into the following eleven groups: control (Cont.), and diabetic (D), as well as 9 groups that were treated with metformin (M, 300 mg...

BACKGROUND Water deficit (WD) decreases photosynthetic rate (A) via decreased stomatal conductance to CO(2) (g(s)) and photosynthetic metabolic potential (A(pot)). The relative importance of g(s) and A(pot), and how they are affected by WD, are reviewed with respect to light intensity and to experimental approaches. SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS With progressive WD, A decreases as g(s) falls. Under l...