constitution is one of the most key concepts in public law that in which set the institutions of power and their relation with each other, and also guaranteed the fundamental freedom and rights of people. so the concept of constitution is different in various counties on the base of political structure and history experiments. in this essay after investigation the concepts and aim of constituti...

However, if this were its only drawback, this brief comment would be unnecessary. But, in fact, the Draft constitution (we will use this term as a convenient shorthand and so as to underline the sense of alienation that oozes from the use of the term constitution, although it would be better to speak of a draft treaty) raises issues on a number of rather fundamental points. Its main characteris...

in any political system, recognition of constitutional keywords is an important pathway for understanding constitutional system desirably. the recognition matters increasingly, when a keyword is rooted in constitutional system&aposs; ideological bases and its underlying political theory. ummah, a term with religious and islamic theme, has come from religious literature into the constitution of ...

in france, parliamentary elections are divided into two elections: the elections for the representatives of the national assembly and the elections for the senators of the senate. the french constitution council is a competent body to supervise these national and political elections through dealing with complaints and deciding about complaints raised in connection with these elections. the coun...

Feminism, as a social uprising, today is being considered by many thinkers and researchers. Proponents of this tendency believe that women are discriminated because of their sex and state they have certain needs that are not fulfilled in the society by governmental administrations. Therefore, fundamental changes must be made in the social, economic and political system to achieve females’ basic...

India -"Hindustan" literally means the land of Hindus. It is a secular nation since 1950. Officially, there is no place for religious, cultural or caste segregation in the society. However, the framers of the Indian Constitution decided to give special benefits to the backward classes and women by forming a reservation policy that was included in the Constitution itself. This paper tries to loo...

Parliamentary and Presidential Democracies: Which One is Best? With the exception of the United States, where a system of separation of executive and legislative powers exists, all countries that are considered to be stable democracies adopt a constitution that is, at least partially, parliamentary. A parliamentary constitution is characterized by the fusion of executive and legislative powers,...

We analyse and evaluate the qualified majority (QM) decision rules for the Council of Ministers of the EU that are included in the Draft Constitution for Europe proposed by the European Convention [5]. We use a method similar to the one we used in [9] for the QM prescriptions made in the Treaty of Nice. Analysis of QM Rules in the Draft Constitution for Europe Proposed by the European Conventio...

Because the participants in the debate over constitutional originalism generally understand the controversy to be over a matter of the objective truth of competing interpretations of the Constitution, they do not believe that their mission is to persuade the other side. When what is at stake is a matter of objective truth, subjective opinions are of less moment. This Article begins the long ove...