Backgrounds: Genetic alterations are strongly involved in carcinogenesis and pathogenesis of melanoma. Although non-acral cutaneous melanoma has been fully analyzed, acral mucosal need more investigation. Somatic copy number variation (CNV) is one the major genetic melanomas. Previous studies have suggested that CNV due to instability caused early palmoplantar melanoma, however it not yet evalu...

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lesions in recumbent dairy cattle (RDC) is challenging because neurologic examination is limited and medical imaging often is challenging or unrewarding. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is useful in the diagnosis of CNS disorders in cattle. However, its utility in identifying spinal cord lesions in RDC remains to be evaluated. HYPOTHESIS...

Information regarding bacterial diseases in Cuvier’s beaked whale (CBW, Ziphius cavirostris) is scattered and mostly incomplete. This report describes a case of septicemia by Morganella morganii juvenile male CBW with concurrent renal crassicaudiasis. The animal stranded along the Ligurian coastline (Italy) underwent systematic post-mortem examination to determine cause death. Histopathology sh...

PURPOSE S100B protein is widely used as a measure of glial activity or damage in several brain conditions. Central nervous system (CNS) infections can cause neurological sequelae because of parenchyma invasion. It is difficult to predict further neuronal damage in the CNS infection. The present study is aimed to evaluate the role of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) S100B protein as an indicator of...

objective: to report involvement of the central nervous system (cns) following epithelial ovarian cancer is rare. advances in management of ovarian cancer by use of primary surgery including abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo'oophorectomy should attain as complete a cytoreduction as possible and effective platinum-based chemotherapy have prolonged survival. case report: we present a cas...

In Korea, tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health problem and reported TB cases have not significantly decreased over the last decade (1). Tuberculosis involving the central nervous system (CNS) is the most significant type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis because of its high mortality rate and possible morbidity of neurologic sequelae. CNS tuberculosis can manifest in a variable forms,...

CNS toxoplasmosis presenting as hydrocephalus is a very rare entity. We present three cases of HIV positive patients whose brain imaging revealed hydrocephalus and who improved with anti toxoplasma medication along with intravenous steroids and did not require any CSF shunting procedures. The mechanism of hydrocephalus in CNS toxoplasmosis is usually due to compression of CSF outflow pathway by...

Primary angiitis of the CNS is histopathologically characterized by ischemic lesions and small petechial hemorrhages. Unlike CT or conventional MR imaging, gradient-echo MR imaging depicts these chronic petechial hemorrhages. We herein report the case of biopsy-proved primary angiitis of the CNS in a 42-year-old man; whom gradient-echo MR imaging revealed multiple petechial hemorrhages in the c...

thrombin is a multifunctional enzyme which has key roles in coagulation cascade and inflammatory events. the pro-inflammatory functions of thrombin occur by different mechanisms including increasing mast cell degranulation, up-regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules (cams) and promoting the secretion of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. dysregulated signaling functions of thro...

BACKGROUND Malignant atrophic papulosis (Köhlmeier-Degos disease; MAP) is an uncommon endotheliopathy with pathological findings similar to the vascular lesions of systemic sclerosis. These two disorders can overlap. When associated with visceral lesions, MAP has been considered almost universally and rapidly fatal. A recent report described dramatic response to treatment with eculizumab, but d...